Institution
Cancer Epidemiology Unit
About: Cancer Epidemiology Unit is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 669 authors who have published 1725 publications receiving 93979 citations.
Topics: Population, Cancer, Breast cancer, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Prospective cohort study
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Medical Research Council1, Utrecht University2, Imperial College London3, Basque Government4, University of Paris-Sud5, French Institute of Health and Medical Research6, Umeå University7, Lund University8, German Cancer Research Center9, Cancer Epidemiology Unit10, University of Cambridge11, University of Naples Federico II12, Aarhus University Hospital13, Aarhus University14, International Agency for Research on Cancer15, Andalusian School of Public Health16, University of Murcia17
TL;DR: Less than half of this association appears to be mediated by higher adult BMI, suggesting that early pubertal development also may directly increase type 2 diabetes risk.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Younger age at menarche, a marker of pubertal timing in girls, is associated with higher risk of later type 2 diabetes. We aimed to confirm this association and to examine whether it is e ...
134 citations
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TL;DR: High genetic diversity in hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its genotypes implies that HCV infection is long‐established in these West African regions and poses a challenge for vaccine development.
Abstract: During 1994 and 1995, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its genotypes were studied in several rural and urban populations in three West African countries: Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Benin. The following groups were screened for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV): 459 villagers in the forest region of Guinea; 965 individuals in urban, suburban, and rural populations of the Bobo Dioulasso area, Burkina Faso; and 582 blood donors in Cotonou, Benin. In Benin, 60 patients with sickle cell anemia (30 with and 30 without history of multiple transfusion) and 13 hospital patients with liver disease were also tested. RT-PCR detection of HCV-RNA was carried out on all anti-HCV positive samples, followed by genotyping and sequencing of unrecognized subtypes. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV were 1.1% in the Guinean population group, 1.4% among blood donors in Benin, and 4.9% in residents of Burkina Faso. In patients with sickle cell anemia, five of the 30 polytranfused patients (17%) had anti-HCV, whereas none of the patients without a history of blood transfusion had anti-HCV (P < 0.05). Among the 13 patients with liver disease, five had anti-HCV, of whom four had history of blood transfusion. HCV-RNA was detected in 41 anti-HCV positive sera. All belonged to genotypes 1 or 2, with a high genomic diversity; 18 different subtypes were identified, including 2c, 2d, and 16 new subtypes. Such genetic diversity poses a challenge for vaccine development and also implies that HCV infection is long-established in these West African regions.
131 citations
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International Agency for Research on Cancer1, University of Milan2, North-West University3, British Heart Foundation4, University of Cambridge5, Imperial College London6, Université Paris-Saclay7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens8, German Cancer Research Center9, Aarhus University10, University of Barcelona11, Andalusian School of Public Health12, Cancer Epidemiology Unit13, University of Ioannina14, Prevention Institute15, Centre for Health Protection16, Utrecht University17, Umeå University18, Lund University19
TL;DR: Pre-diagnostic healthy lifestyle behaviours were strongly inversely associated with the risk of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases, and with the prognosis of these diseases by reducing risk of multimorbidity.
Abstract: Although lifestyle factors have been studied in relation to individual non-communicable diseases (NCDs), their association with development of a subsequent NCD, defined as multimorbidity, has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between five lifestyle factors and incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. In this prospective cohort study, 291,778 participants (64% women) from seven European countries, mostly aged 43 to 58 years and free of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at recruitment, were included. Incident multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases was defined as developing subsequently two diseases including first cancer at any site, CVD, and T2D in an individual. Multi-state modelling based on Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of developing cancer, CVD, or T2D, and subsequent transitions to multimorbidity, in relation to body mass index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and their combination as a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score. Cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) were estimated to compute 10-year absolute risks for transitions from healthy to cancer at any site, CVD (both fatal and non-fatal), or T2D, and to subsequent multimorbidity after each of the three NCDs. During a median follow-up of 11 years, 1910 men and 1334 women developed multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. A higher HLI, reflecting healthy lifestyles, was strongly inversely associated with multimorbidity, with hazard ratios per 3-unit increment of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.81), 0.84 (0.79 to 0.90), and 0.82 (0.77 to 0.88) after cancer, CVD, and T2D, respectively. After T2D, the 10-year absolute risks of multimorbidity were 40% and 25% for men and women, respectively, with unhealthy lifestyle, and 30% and 18% for men and women with healthy lifestyles. Pre-diagnostic healthy lifestyle behaviours were strongly inversely associated with the risk of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases, and with the prognosis of these diseases by reducing risk of multimorbidity.
131 citations
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TL;DR: If the recent rapid fall in use of hormone replacement therapy in Australia has been followed by a reduction in breast cancer incidence among women aged 50 years or older, but not among younger women is investigated.
Abstract: Objective: To determine if the recent rapid fall in use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in Australia has been followed by a reduction in breast cancer incidence among women aged 50 years or older, but not among younger women. Design and setting: Analysis of trends in annual prescribing of HRT, using Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data, and in annual age-standardised breast cancer incidence rates in Australian women for the period 1996-2003. Results: In Australia, prescribing of HRT increased from 1996 to 2001, but dropped by 40% from 2001 to 2003. Age-standardised breast cancer incidence rates in women aged ≥ 50 years also increased to 2001 but declined thereafter. The incidence rates in this age group were lower by 6.7% (95% Cl, 3.9%-9.3%; P < 0.001) in 2003 compared with 2001, equivalent to 600 (95% Cl, 350-830) fewer breast cancers (out of about 9000 incident breast cancers annually for women this age). There was no significant change in breast cancer incidence for women aged < 50 years. Conclusions: While other factors may have contributed to a recent reduction in breast cancer incidence among Australian women aged ≥ 50 years, the available evidence suggests that much of the decrease is due to the recent fall in use of HRT. This is consistent with other evidence that the HRT-associated increase in risk of breast cancer is reversible after ceasing use of HRT.
129 citations
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TL;DR: A simple form of measurement error model for explanatory variables is studied incorporating classical and Berkson cases as particular forms, and allowing for either additive or multiplicative errors.
Abstract: A simple form of measurement error model for explanatory variables is studied incorporating classical and Berkson cases as particular forms, and allowing for either additive or multiplicative errors. The work is motivated by epidemiological problems, and therefore consideration is given not only to continuous response variables but also to logistic regression models. The possibility that different individuals in a study have errors of different types is also considered. The relatively simple estimation procedures proposed for use with cohort data and case-control data are checked by simulation, under the assumption of various error structures. The results show that even in situations where conventional analysis yields slope estimates that are on average attenuated by a factor of approximately 50 per cent, estimates obtained using the proposed amended likelihood functions are within 5 per cent of their true values. The work was carried out to provide a method for the analysis of lung cancer risk following residential radon exposure, but it should be applicable to a wide variety of situations.
129 citations
Authors
Showing all 669 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Silvia Franceschi | 155 | 1340 | 112504 |
Timothy J. Key | 146 | 808 | 90810 |
Hans-Olov Adami | 145 | 908 | 83473 |
Alicja Wolk | 135 | 778 | 66239 |
Paolo Vineis | 134 | 1088 | 86608 |
Lars Klareskog | 131 | 697 | 63281 |
Eva Negri | 129 | 1010 | 66735 |
John A. Baron | 128 | 609 | 61182 |
Jack Cuzick | 128 | 754 | 79979 |
Anders Ekbom | 116 | 613 | 51430 |
C. La Vecchia | 115 | 817 | 53460 |
Valerie Beral | 114 | 471 | 53729 |
Carlo La Vecchia | 112 | 1265 | 56282 |