Kyushu University

About: Kyushu University is a education organization based out in Fukuoka, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Catalysis. The organization has 68284 authors who have published 135190 publications receiving 3055928 citations. The organization is also known as: Kyūshū Daigaku.

CNS Response to Osimertinib Versus Standard Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Untreated EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract: Purpose We report CNS efficacy of osimertinib versus standard epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer from the phase III FLAURA study. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 556) were randomly assigned to osimertinib or standard EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib or erlotinib); brain scans were not mandated unless clinically indicated. Patients with asymptomatic or stable CNS metastases were included. In patients with symptomatic CNS metastases, neurologic status was required to be stable for ≥ 2 weeks after completion of definitive therapy and corticosteroids. A preplanned subgroup analysis with CNS progression-free survival as primary objective was conducted in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions on baseline brain scan by blinded independent central neuroradiologic review. The CNS evaluable-for-response set included patients with ≥ one measurable CNS lesion. Results Of 200 patients with available brain scans at baseline, 128 (osimertinib, n = 61; standard EGFR-TKIs, n = 67) had measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions, including 41 patients (osimertinib, n = 22; standard EGFR-TKIs, n = 19) with ≥ one measurable CNS lesion. Median CNS progression-free survival in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions was not reached with osimertinib (95% CI, 16.5 months to not calculable) and 13.9 months (95% CI, 8.3 months to not calculable) with standard EGFR-TKIs (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.86; P = .014 [nominally statistically significant]). CNS objective response rates were 91% and 68% in patients with ≥ one measurable CNS lesion (odds ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 0.9 to 34.9; P = .066) and 66% and 43% in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.2; P = .011) treated with osimertinib and standard EGFR-TKIs, respectively. Probability of experiencing a CNS progression event was consistently lower with osimertinib versus standard EGFR-TKIs. Conclusion Osimertinib has CNS efficacy in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. These results suggest a reduced risk of CNS progression with osimertinib versus standard EGFR-TKIs.

Overexpression of B7-H1 (PD-L1) significantly associates with tumor grade and postoperative prognosis in human urothelial cancers.

Abstract: Purpose The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/B7-H1 (also called PD-L1) pathway negatively regulates T cell activation and has been suggested to play an important role in regulating antitumor host immunity. To investigate the clinical significance of B7-H1 expression to the tumor grade and postoperative prognosis of patients with urothelial cancer, we analyzed the relationship between B7-H1 expression and various clinicopathological features and postoperative prognosis.

Diagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis: year 2000 revision

Abstract: 1 Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Centre, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan 2 Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan 3 Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan 4 Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan 5 Research Institute and Practice for Involutional Diseases, Nagano, Japan 6 Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan 7 Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan 8 Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 9 Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 10 Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan 11 Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan 12 Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo Metropolitan Rehabilitation Hospital, Tokyo, Japan 13 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tottori Medical School, Yonago, Japan

Hedgehog signaling pathway is a new therapeutic target for patients with breast cancer.

Abstract: The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway functions as an organizer in embryonic development. Genetic analysis has demonstrated a critical role for the Hh pathway in mammary gland morphogenesis. Disruption of Patched1, a component of the Hh pathway, results in abnormal growth of mammary duct. Recent studies have shown constitutive activation of the Hh pathway in various types of malignancies. However, it remains unclear whether this pathway is activated in human breast cancer. Here, we determined the expression of the components, including Sonic Hh, Patched1, and Gli1, of the Hh pathway by immunohistochemical staining in a series of 52 human breast carcinomas. All of 52 tumors display staining of high intensity for Gli1 when compared with adjacent normal tissue. The nuclear staining ratio of Gli1 correlates with expression of estrogen receptor and histologic type. Exposure to cyclopamine, a steroidal alkaloid that blocks the Hh pathway, suppresses expression of Gli1 and the growth of the Hh pathway-activated breast carcinoma cells. These data indicate that the Hh pathway is a new candidate for therapeutic target of breast cancer.