National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes de Managua, Nicaragua

Abstract: Resumen Este articulo analiza las actitudes linguisticas de hablantes nativos de espanol de la ciudad de Managua, hacia al espanol de Nicaragua y el de los otros paises hispanohablantes. El articulo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigacion (RCN). La recoleccion de los datos se realizo en la capital del pais, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconomico, en la capital del pais. Esta investigacion acerca de las actitudes linguisticas hacia el espanol de Nicaragua y el de los demas paises de habla hispana es la primera de su tipo en el pais. Los resultados mas relevantes muestran que mayoritariamente se nombra espanol a la lengua que se habla. El espanol de la capital es el que mas les agrada a los entrevistados y estos lo perciben como un habla muy similar a la de la region del Pacifico. Por otro lado, el habla de la region Central se considera diferente y no gusta tanto. En lo relacionado con las variantes hispanoamericanas, consideran que el espanol peninsular es bastante correcto mientras que el de Costa Rica no lo es. A pesar de este hecho, los datos muestran que hay senales de que los nicaraguenses sienten una creciente autoestima por su propia variante de la lengua espanola. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from the city of Managua, towards Spanish spoken in Nicaragua and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Norwegian Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. This research study of language attitudes towards the Spanish of Nicaragua and the other Spanish-speaking countries is the first of its kind in the country. The main results show that the language spoken in the country is mostly named espanol. The Spanish language of the capital is the one respondents like the most, and is also perceived as very similar to the way people speak in the Pacific region. On the other hand, the Spanish of the Central region is considered different and not as agreeable. In relation to the other Spanish-American variants, Spain is considered to have a very correct variety, while Spanish in Costa Rica is not. In spite of this fact, there are signs that Nicaraguans have an increasingly high esteem for their own variety of the Spanish language.

"The Impact of Women's Literacy on Child Health and Its Interaction with Access to Health Services.

Abstract: Research has consistently demonstrated a strong correlation between women's education and child health, but the absence of data from intervention studies has left open the possibility that this may be due to the confounding effects of wealth or social privilege. Moreover, it is not known what mechanisms mediate the education-health link, nor how it is affected by access to health services. In Nicaragua during the 1980s, thousands of adults became literate through a mass education campaign. This provided a rare opportunity to measure the impact of women's literacy on child health for women who otherwise would have almost certainly remained illiterate for the rest of their lives, and to assess whether access to health services increases or decreases the advantage conferred by education. Results from this retrospective cohort study of 4434 women show that among the children of women who became literate exclusively by adult education, mortality and risk of malnutrition are significantly lower than among those...

Análisis de la Eficiencia de Sistemas Agropecuarios en América Latina y el Caribe Mediante la Incorporación de Aspectos Ambientales

Abstract: En este trabajo se realizo una revision sobre la medida de la eficiencia medioambiental (MA), dedicando la atencion al uso de metodos no parametricos, concretamente a metodos como el Analisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA, segun sus siglas en ingles “Data Envelopment Analysis”). En primer lugar, se planteo la necesidad de valorar la eficiencia MA, por un lado, como requisito necesario para conseguir la sostenibilidad del sistema, amenazada por efectos negativos del progreso tecnologico y, por otro lado, por su relacion con la productividad. Posteriormente, se exponen los distintos enfoques que se utilizan para la medida de la eficiencia mediante metodos frontera dependiendo de la forma en que se incorporen las variables ambientales. Finalmente se presentan algunos trabajos en los que se han aplicado las metodologias descritas en el ambito exclusivo de America Latina y el Caribe, asi como otros en los que se han comparado con otros paises a nivel mundial. Como conclusion se recomienda una mayor atencion a la consideracion de los aspectos MA en el analisis de eficiencia. Esto proporcionara un importante soporte para la mitigacion de los efectos que se esperan como consecuencia del cambio climatico.

Contaminación natural por arsénico en las aguas subterráneas de la comunidad rural “La Fuente”, para sugerir y promover el uso de fuentes alternativas de agua segura municipio La Paz Centro, León, Nicaragua

Abstract: Previous studies have revealed that in Nicaragua the presence of arsenic is of geogenic origin, so it is common to find it in both, surface, and underground waters, soil, rocks and sediments; besides being found within volcanic complexes, fumaroles, hot springs, gases and geothermal fluids. It was until 2010, when arsenic was detected in volcanic and sedimentary materials of the Quaternary present in the volcanic arc front of Los Maribios Mountain Range. Thus, in the La Fuente community located NE of the Momotombo-El Hoyo volcanic complex and near the Monte Galan volcanic caldera, where 112 families are supplied by groundwater, the total arsenic concentration in water from 30 dug wells, three drilled wells and a spring was determined. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 2 µg•l-1 to 103 µg•l-1, where 70% of the analyzed samples (24 water sources) exceed the national limit adopted, 10 µg As∙l-1 for water for human consumption. The places with the highest temperatures (35.6 to 45.8 ° C) are the ones with the highest concentrations of arsenic (38 to 103 µg•l-1), higher values of electrical conductivity (983 - 1140 µS∙cm-1) and lower pH values (5.80 - 7.08 units). Community members were informed about the risk to which they are exposed by ingesting contaminated water with high values of this toxic; at the same time, safe sources of water for human consumption were identified, which were recommended to users. This research, in addition to generating scientific information, becomes a tool to support decision-making for the authorities and for local people, by using alternative water sources for human consumption and for food preparation.