National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Challenges and Alternatives in Dental Education During the COVID-19 pandemic. Integrative Literature Review

Abstract: Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has become a major health challenge and a public health emergency, so it is important to strengthen preventive measures to control its spread. The transmissibility and routes that characterize this virus make it very high risk during dental procedures. For this reason, different organizations and institutions of dental education worldwide have been forced to implement new teaching modalities for dental students to provide a high academic and safe education in clinical practice. Purpose: To examine and analyze different existing publications in relation to dental education, as well as its challenges and alternatives around the COVID-19 disease. Methods: An integrative review of literature on dental education in times of pandemic was carried out. Results: In all continents, countries agree that three key aspects in terms of education must be reinforced are new educational tools, telemedicine, and biosecurity. Conclusion: It is decisive and crucial that dental students and professionals acquire knowledge in matters of health regulations, biosafety, and general aspects of epidemiology, through new forms of teaching, in order to be better prepared to provide the best possible dental care during and after this pandemic.

Competencias emocionales en la formación del profesorado de educación secundaria y su relación con las actitudes hacia las matemáticas

Abstract: This research has studied the emotional competences in the training of secondary education teachers and their relationship with attitudes towards mathematics. It was adopted a mixed design developed in two complementary stages. The first, the technique of content analysis was applied as a qualitative methodology in order to obtain normative and instructive information. The second, a questionnaire was applied as a methodology of quantitative study that gives us information about attitudes towards mathematics. The study was carried out with a sample of 250 teachers of secondary education, belonging to communities of the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua. The main results highlight the existence of emotional and attitudinal competence in teacher training curricula, characterized by courses such as emotional development, motivation and learning, education for emotional development and integral formation; attitudes towards mathematics and factors that determine it (anxiety, pleasure, usefulness, motivation, confidence) are positive; there are significant differences between men and women in favor of women; likewise there are differences between specialties in favor of the specialty in Natural Sciences. It is concluded that the emotional competences in training of teachers of secondary school are related to attitudes towards mathematics, because there is a frame of reference that is established in the profile of teacher training, in addition, that the attitudes of teachers towards mathematics they are positive, all this is interpreted as an articulation in the teaching and learning processes of mathematics.

Residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados en leche vacuna, Nicaragua

Abstract: El presente trabajo constituye un esfudio preliminar hecho en Nicaragua para elaborar un perfil de contaminacion de la leche de vaca con 10 plaguicidas organoclorados y hacer recomendacionesperfinenfes. Entre diciembre de 1993 y marzo de 1994se tomaron muestras de leche de 48 lugares diferentes del pais. Se analizo el contenido de residuos de hexaclorobenceno (HCB), c+BHC, lindano, aldrina, dieldrina, oxiclordano, hep facloro epoxido y mefabolifos principales de DDT (p,p’-TDE, p,p’-DDE y p,p’-DDT) en las muestras mediante el metodo de extraccion de la grasa de leche en fase solida, seguida de una determinacion cuantitativa usando cromatografia de gases con un defecfor de captura de electrones. Se encontro hepfacloro epoxido en 1 muestra de leche, dieldrina en>, lindano en 3, oxiclordano en 3, (r-BHC en 3, aldrina en 6, HCB en 9 y mefabolitos de DDT (p,p’-DDT, p,p’-TDE y p,p’-DDE) en 39 (81% de las muestras). Las seis muestras mas contaminadas por derivados de DDT provinieron de los deparfamenfos de Leon y Chinandega, localidades de la region del Pacifico, en donde anteriormente hubo produccion intensa de algodon. La concentracion mas alta se detecto en la muestra de Malpaisillo con ll OS pg de plaguicida por kg de grasa de leche. Se recomienda investigar y estimar el riesgo de posible contaminacion de otros alimentos y proteger la salud publica mediante un control esfricto de la produccion o importacion, almacenamiento, venta y uso de plaguicidas organoclorados.

Morphotype and haplotype identification of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), and its importance for apiculture in Nicaragua.

Abstract: The ectoparasite Varroa (Acari: Varroidae) is considered to be the main pest of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Nicaragua. The aim of this study was to determine morphotypes and mitochondrial haplotypes of the Varroa mites, related to infestation levels in A. mellifera hives in Nicaragua in a cross-sectional study (2013–2016). Samples were taken from 34 sentinel apiaries in five geographical zones; from 713 Varroa females collected during the study, 153 were selected for measurement of various morphometric characters for further classification into morphotypes. The mitochondrial haplotype was assigned to one of the two (Korean or Japanese), using the restriction by SacI of the PCR product of a fragment of the gene CO-I. Morphometric measurement and sequencing revealed the affiliation to the species Varroa destructor with a mean (± SD) body width of 1699.1 ± 60.2 µm and a body length of 1161.1 ± 34.9 µm. Body characters were significantly different among the 34 apiaries. Varroa destructor samples were classified into four morphotypes, with no significant differences in the geographical zones. As GAGCTC SacI enzyme cleavage sequences were not observed, all PCR products were identified as V. destructor Korean haplotype. The CO-I gene nucleotide sequences from two samples V. destructor showed both 100% similarity with the Korean haplotype and 99.8% similarity to the Japanese haplotype. Although the V. destructor mite was identified as a Korean haplotype, host-parasite association in 2 decades has led into a balance without entering into severe losses in the Nicaraguan apiculture.