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National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

EducationManagua, Nicaragua
About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
23 May 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess flow dynamics of the Apoyo Crater lake using isotopic and geochemical tools and show that despite the presence of a low permeability barrier west of the lake, geochemical results indicate groundwater contribution from NW and SW directions.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess flow dynamics of the Apoyo Crater lake using isotopic and geochemical tools. This crater lake of 6.6 km of diameter is 175 m deep. The lake watershed is small, with an area of about 38 km2, annual precipitation is about 1454 mm. In the last 30 years, the lake has suffered a 30m decline in water level. Physical-chemical parameters and isotopic composition (18O y D) of the lake, springs and wells were monitored during 2006 and 2007. Despite the presence of a low permeability barrier west of the lake, geochemical results indicate groundwater contribution from NW and SW directions. Nevertheless, local recharge has not been ruled out yet.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/uyc.v5i8.315Universidad y Ciencia No 8 Ano 5 2010 22-26

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an estudio descriptivo sobre "Conocimientos, actitudes and Practicas del uso and manejo de plaguicidas" in pequenos productores in municipios del Departamento de Chinandega.
Abstract: Debido al uso irracional de plaguicidas por los agricultores para el control de las plagas, se realizo un estudio descriptivo sobre “Conocimientos, Actitudes y Practicas del uso y manejo de plaguicidas” en pequenos productores en municipios del Departamento de Chinandega. Se encuestaron 190 agricultores; la recoleccion de datos, se realizo aplicando un cuestionario. La mayoria de los encuestados, fueron mayores de 45 anos, con estudios primarios, trabajan por cuenta propia; con mas de 20 anos de experiencia y refieren han recibido muy pocas capacitaciones. Los plaguicidas mas conocidos son Gramoxone, 2,4-D, y Lorsban; el 78% conoce los sintomas de una intoxicacion, el 66% se informa de la peligrosidad por medio de las instrucciones de la etiqueta, sin embargo, el 91% desconoce el significado de los pictogramas. La falta de dinero, es la principal razon por la que no usan el equipo de proteccion, sin embargo, reconocen situaciones de peligro para intoxicarse. La vestimenta que utilizan cuando aplican plaguicida, es camisa manga larga, pantalon largo, gorra y botas de hule. Se identifica la necesidad de ampliar la cobertura de capacitaciones a los agricultores, e incluir contenidos de promocion de alternativas al uso de plaguicida.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a revision of the diseno metodologico is presented to investigate the impact of the Bono Productivo on socio-economic aspects of the programa.
Abstract: El presente estudio es una revision del diseno metodologico para medir el impacto socio economico del programa del Bono Productivo. Asi, cuando se estudia una metodologia lo primero que se encuentra el investigador es la definicion del tipo de investigacion que desea realizar. La escogencia del tipo de investigacion determinara los pasos a seguir del estudio, sus tecnicas y metodos que puedan emplear en el mismo. En general determina todo el enfoque de la investigacion influyendo en instrumentos, y hasta la manera de como se analiza los datos recaudados para medir un impacto como el del Bono Productivo. Asi, el punto de los tipos de investigacion en una investigacion va a constituir un paso importante en la metodologia, pues este va a determinar el enfoque del mismo. Este puede dividirse en dos tipos principales de Campo o de Laboratorio. Estudios Exploratorios: Tambien conocido como estudio piloto, son aquellos que se investigan por primera vez o son estudios muy pocos investigados. Tambien se emplean para identificar una problematica. Estudios: Describen los hechos como son observados. Estudios Correlacionales: Estudian las relaciones entre variables dependientes independientes, osea se estudia la correlacion entre dos variables. Estudios Explicativos: Este tipo de estudio busca el por que de los hechos, estableciendo relaciones de causa- efecto. Pero en este caso estaremos abordando todos los apartados que conllevan el diseno metodologico de la investigacion, cualitativa y los aspectos que a ella se refieren.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Un estudio en tres hospitales noroccidentales con el objetivo ofrece el perfil de resistencia o sensibilidad antimicrobiana de bacterias aerobias aisladas de pacientes que fueron atendidos en estos hospitales en el periodo comprendido entre Mayo 2003 a Mayo 2006.
Abstract: En los ultimos anos se ha observado un incremento de la incidencia de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana entre patogenos que causan infecciones intra-hospitalarias principalmente y tambien en la comunidad. La Resistencia antimicrobiana es un problema global de salud publica, promovido basicamente por el uso y abuso de los antibioticos. El fenomeno de la Resistencia antimicrobiana es un area prioritaria de investigacion del Centro de investigacion de enfermedades infecciosas y como parte de sus actividades se realizo un estudio en tres hospitales noroccidentales (Leon, Chinandega y Esteli) con el objetivo de conocer el perfil de resistencia o sensibilidad antimicrobiana de bacterias aerobias aisladas de pacientes que fueron atendidos en estos hospitales en el periodo comprendido entre Mayo 2003 a Mayo 2006. Se incluyo en el estudio 1181 cepas de bacterias aerobias y se utilizo el metodo Kirby Bauer segun recomendaciones del NCCLS, para determinar el perfil de resistencia. Las mas frecuentes especies bacterianas estudiadas fueron, Estafilococos aureus (385 cepas), E. coli (209 cepas) , Pseudomona spp. (180 cepas) seguidas por un menor numero de cepas de Shigella spp., Streptococos beta hemoliticos del grupo A y otros bacilos Gram negativos obtenidas principalmente de muestras biologicas de infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos, bacteriemia neonatal, infecciones de vias urinarias y Faringoamigdalitis. Los Resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: Penicilina fue el farmaco de menor efectividad contra E. aureus; un porcentaje importante mayor del 25% fueron resistentes a Meticilina principalmente cepas de Esteli. Sin embargo estos antibioticos fueron altamente efectivos contra Streptococos, no se presento resistencia a Vancomicina. En relacion a las bacterias Gram negativas, T. sulfa fue el antimicrobiano de menor efectividad contra E. coli aislados de urocultivos, con un porcentaje similar en los tres hospitales, e igualmente contra Klebsiella spp. y otros Gram negativos, excepto Pseudomona spp. para el que no esta indicado su analisis. Pseudomona spp. fue resistente principalmente a Cloranfenicol y Ceftriaxona en Esteli, a Ceftriaxona y Gentamicina en Leon y Chinandega. Los resultados de este estudio muestran la importancia del problema y ofrecen la posibilidad a la comunidad medica de utilizarlos para adecuar las pautas de tratamiento y contribuir a modificar conductas de riesgo que promueven la Resistencia antimicrobiana.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that in canines with breast neoplasms, it is important to perform lymphatic mapping to identify possible metastases in cellular tissues and to delimit regional lymph vessels and lymph nodes, thus facilitating the surgical removal of these structures with safety margins.
Abstract: Background: The lymphatic system plays an important role in the local control of neoplasms as well as in the transportation of tumor cells, which represents the most common pathway of metastasis. From the tumorigenesis, there is a remarkable enlargement of the tumor drainage network towards the regional and target lymph nodes. Since the mammary lymphatic system of animals with neoplasms as well as the demarcation of the pelvic and abdominal caudal chain are poorly studied, the aim of the present study is to report a case of iliac lymphadenectomy after intrauterine lymphatic dyeing in a dog with breast neoplasm, which allowed the identification of metastasis in the medial iliac lymph node. Case: A 7-year-old, 13.4 kg, non neutered, mixed breed, female dog was diagnosed with ulcerative neoplasm in the left caudal abdominal breast, which presented evolution of approximately 90 days, presenting ulceration for 10 days, according to the tutor. After a clinical evaluation, thoracic radiography and abdominal ultrasonography were requested, which did not present metastasis suggestive images. Therefore, left unilateral total mastectomy was indicated. Retro-umbilical celiotomy was performed for the administration of 0.5 mL of 1% intrauterine methylene blue (body of the uterus), which allowed lymphatic mapping and medial iliac lymphadenectomy. Subsequently, ovariohysterectomy was performed and after celiorrhaphy, axillary lymphadenectomy was performed, followed by left unilateral mastectomy and concomitant removal of the superficial inguinal lymph node. The patient had a prompt recovery and was discharged from hospital in six hours postoperatively. The excised material was referred for histopathological examination, which revealed the presence of metastasis of simple tubulopapillary carcinoma of the mammary gland in the left medial and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while the axillary lymph node had no metastases. At the end of 10 days, the patient was clinically stable, with good healing of the surgical wound. After a 120-day postoperative period, the patient had a good clinical status, with no respiratory alterations, and there was no evidence of metastasis on the chest X-ray as well as abdominal ultrasound. Discussion: Considering the great occurrence of breast neoplasms, it is important to develop studies on new approaches in the therapeutic management of this condition and sharing of reports as described. The objective of the lymphadenectomy was to evaluate the possible involvement of regional lymph nodes, since, according to the condition of the lymph nodes in the histopathological examination, it appears as an important prognostic factor, seeing that the survival time is less than two years for 85.7% in dogs with regional lymph node metastases. In animals, there are no studies based on the therapeutic alternative of lymphadenectomy, which is believed to be palliative in the reported patient, due to the fact that it is a tubulopapillary carcinoma with different foci of lymph node metastases. Otherwise, lymphadenectomy enabled a better definition of the prognosis and proved to be an important tool for staging. The use of methylene blue was chosen because it was reportedly used in dogs, with excellent results in sentinel lymph nodes mapping, and due to its ease of obtaining and low cost of application. It is concluded that in canines with breast neoplasms, it is important to perform lymphatic mapping to identify possible metastases in cellular tissues and to delimit regional lymph vessels and lymph nodes, thus facilitating the surgical removal of these structures with safety margins. In addition, it is important to perform lymphadenectomy even to lymph nodes that are not infarcted or present macroscopic changes, given that in this case, it already existed metastasis, even in a lymph node of 4 mm. Keywords: metastasis, sentinel lymph node, lymphatic mapping, mastectomy, canine.

1 citations


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Performance
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No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20232
20226
202165
202078
201959
201856