National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Crecimiento de camarones blancos Litopenaeus vannamei en juveniles con dos tipos de alimentos: uno comercial con 25% de proteína vrs experimental con 18% de proteína a densidad de siembra de 12 ind/m2 (Sistema semi-intensivo).

Abstract: La alimentacion es una de las funciones mas importantes de un organismo, a partir de ella se obtiene la energia necesaria para el crecimiento, sostenimiento y produccion, de manera que la calidad del alimento y su disponibilidad son factores muy importantes para el cultivo del camaron, ya que la base de toda produccion camaronera es la alimentacion, la cual debe de suministrar todos los requerimientos nutricionales. El presente trabajo consistio en la comparacion de dos dietas alimenticias para camarones juveniles Litopenaeus vannamei , el primer tratamiento (T1) consistio en alimento comercial con 25% de proteina, el tratamiento dos (T2) alimento experimental con 18% de proteina, con una densidad de siembra de 12 ind/m2 (Sistema semi intensivo). Uno de los fines de este trabajo es demostrar cual de los dos tratamientos proteinicos es mas efectivo. El diseno experimental consistio en la comparacion de ambos tratamientos, cada uno con tres repeticiones en recipientes de plastico de 200 litros. Para la elaboracion del alimento experimental al 18% de proteina se elaboro con harina de pescado, maiz, sorgo, soya, con aglutinante de almidon, minerales vitaminas y aceite de pescado. Se tomaron los factores fisico-quimicos del agua diariamente como son: salinidad, oxigeno disuelto, temperatura y pH, a las 6 am y 6 pm, Dentro de los resultados obtenidos los parametros de salinidad variaron entre 30 a 35‰ en ambos tratamientos, los datos de oxigeno disuelto se mantuvieron en el T1 entre 4,4 a 6,6 mg/l y en el T2 de 4 a 6,5 mg/l, y los de temperatura oscilaban en T1 de 27 0 C a 30,7 0 C y el T2 27,1 0 C a 30,6 0 C y los de pH de mantuvieron en el T1 entre 7,5 a 8,4 y en el T2 de 7,5 a 8,5 a lo largo del experimento haciendo muestreos poblacionales cada cinco dias. Con una sobrevivencia de 100% en ambos experimentos por lo cual demostramos que con ambos tratamientos la sobrevivencia se mantuvo y al final se obtuvo un rendimiento productivo en el T1 5216,79 y el T2 5738,47 y Obteniendo al final del experimento un FCA en el T1 de 1,27 y en el T2 1,27.

Determinación del factor von Willebrand para la confirmación de la enfermedad de von Willebrand en Nicaragua

Abstract: Von Willebrand's disease is the most frequent hemorrhagic diathesis worldwide affecting men and women. Currently, there are 3 types of von Willebrand ´s disease: type 1, 2A, 2B, 2M, 2N, and 3, with type 1 being the most frequent. In Nicaragua the diagnosis of this coagulopathy is based on basic hemostasis tests; supposedly leading to inadequate diagnosis. The present study determined the antigenic von Willebrand factor (vWF) in patients with suspected of von Willebrand disease registered in the National Blood Bank; Managua, Nicaragua in 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 39 patients with suspected von Willebrand’s disease. A commercial kit was used to determine the plasma concentration of von Willebrand factor. Itwas obtained that of 69% of the analyzed individuals presented normal concentrations of von Willebrand factor. Only in the remaining 31% of the patients the von Willebrand disease was confirmed by decreased von Willebrand factor levels.

Use and abuse of drugs among students and its relationship with child maltreatment in a university of Leon, Nicaragua

Abstract: Quantitative exploratory study that examines the relationship between drug use and abuse during childhood among university students in Leon, Nicaragua. A cross-sectional study was designed with a bio-ecological perspective. The sample includes 368 students, where 48.4 % (178) were men and 51.6% (190) were women. The results highlighted that the negligence was found in 54.6% of participants, without gender differences (56.2% men and 53.2% women). Psychological abuse accounted for 40.5% of the students with small gender differences (39.3% men and 41.6% female). Moreover, 54.1% of participants had separated parents, 44.3% live or lived at some point in their life with an alcoholic, 28.8% have witnessed abuse to their mother or caretaker, 26.1% have lived or live with a family member with mental illness, while 21.2% lived with a drug addict. It can be concluded that child maltreatment is common and that negligence is an everyday event among participants. DESCRIPTORS: Narcotics. Child abuse. Students. University . USO E ABUSO DE DROGAS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM MAUS-TRATOS NA INFÂNCIA EM UM UNIVERSIDADE DE LEON, NA NICARAGUA RESUMO: Estudo exploratório quantitativo que examinou a relação entre uso de drogas e maus-tratos durante a infância, entre estudantes universitários em Leon, Nicarágua. O estudo transversal foi desenhado em uma perspectiva bioecológica. A amostra incluiu 368 estudantes, dos quais 48,4% (178) são homens e 51,6% são mulheres. Os resultados ressaltam que a negligência esteve presente em 54,6% dos estudantes, sem diferenças entre os sexos (56,2% homens e 53,2% mulheres). Maus-tratos psicológicos responderam por 40,5% dos estudantes com pequena diferença entre os sexos (39,3% homens e 41,6% mulheres). Além disso, 54,1% dos participantes tinham pais separados, 44,3% vive ou viveram em algum momento da vida com alcoolista, 28,8% testemunharam abuso a suas mães ou empregadas, 26,1% vivem ou viveram com familiares com doença mental e 21,2% viveram com dependente químico. Conclui-se que maus-tratos na infância é comum e que negligência é um evento cotidiano entre os estudantes avaliados. DESCRITORES: Entorpecentes. Maus-tratos infantis. Estudantes. Universidades. 75 Http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015001090014

Prevalence of microcephaly: the Latin American Network of Congenital Malformations 2010–2017

Abstract: Objective The Latin American Network of Congenital Malformations: ReLAMC was established in 2017 to provide accurate congenital anomaly surveillance. This study used data from ReLAMC registries to quantify the prevalence of microcephaly from 2010 to 2017 (before, during and after the Zika virus epidemic). Design Nine ReLAMC congenital anomaly registries provided case-level data or aggregate data for any live births, still births or terminations of pregnancy with microcephaly. Births to pregnant women infected with Zika virus first occurred in Brazil in 2015, and in the remaining registry areas in 2016 with the exception of Chile that did not experience Zika virus. Therefore the prevalence of microcephaly for 2010–2014 and individual years 2015, 2016 and 2017 was estimated using multilevel random effect Poisson models. Clinical classification and characteristics of the cases were compared pre and post Zika for all centres providing individual case-level data. Results The prevalence of microcephaly for all registries excluding Brazil was 2.3 per 10 000 (95% CI 2.0 to 2.6) for 2010–2014 rising to 5.4 (95% CI 4.8 to 6.0) in 2016 and 5.9 (95% CI 5.3 to 6.6) in 2017. Brazil had a prevalence of 0.6 per 10 000 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.6) in 2010–2014, rising to 5.8 (95% CI 5.6 to 6.1) in 2015, 8.0 (95% CI 7.6 to 8.3) in 2016 and then falling in 2017. Only 29 out of 687 cases of microcephaly were reported as congenital Zika syndrome in countries excluding Brazil. Conclusions The prevalence of microcephaly was influenced both by Zika causing congenital Zika syndrome and by increased reporting awareness.