National Autonomous University of Nicaragua

About: National Autonomous University of Nicaragua is a education organization based out in Managua, Nicaragua. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 775 authors who have published 715 publications receiving 9791 citations.

Estrés laboral y su relación con las condiciones de trabajo

Abstract: Working at hospitals or health centers has been considered a stressful job, because it implies being in constant contact with pain and death. Workloads, extensive working hours and the work environment are contributing factors for the employees’ mood at Adan Barilla Huete Health Center in Juigalpa city. The purpose is to determine work stress and its relationship with the working conditions of employees during the 2019. The type of research was conclusive explanatory, of a mixed nature, with a probabilistic sampling made up of 20 collaborators, it was used the interview and survey. The results show that 55% have always and almost always experienced stress and 45% sometimes. The symptoms of stress in 95% are physiological, it was mostly provoked by headaches, working conditions such as cleaning the area, lighting and noise are not causes for work stress. Concluding that, the acceptance of the null hypothesis is supported with the results of the application of Pearson's chi-square technique, claiming that working conditions do not influence the work stress of employees.

Frequency of nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among health workers in Nicaraguan hospitals

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Conocer la frecuencia de portadores nasales de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (SARM) y el patron de resistencia antimicrobiana de esas cepas obtenidas de trabajadores de la salud de cuatro hospitales de Nicaragua. METODOS: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en el periodo del 1 de junio de 2009 al 30 de septiembre de 2010. Los hisopados nasales de los trabajadores de la salud que aceptaron voluntariamente participar en el estudio fueron cultivados en medio agar base de deteccion de resistencia a oxacilina (ORSAB). La identificacion de los aislados de S. aureus se realizo por metodos cotidianos y la resistencia a meticilina se determino por la presencia del gen mecA con la tecnica de reaccion en cadena de polimerasa. El patron de resistencia antimicrobiana se detecto por difusion en disco. Cada participante firmo un consentimiento informado con anterioridad a la toma de la muestra. RESULTADOS: Participaron en el estudio 569 trabajadores de la salud, de los cuales 208 eran del hospital de Leon, 155 de dos hospitales de Chinandega y 206 del de Managua. La frecuencia de portadores nasales de SARM fue de 9,6% en Leon, 11,6% en Chinandega y 6,7% en Managua. El perfil de resistencia de las cepas SARM fue similar en los cuatro hospitales y todas las cepas fueron sensibles a vancomicina. Del total de cepas SARM aisladas, 15% fueron multirre-sistentes. El porcentaje de resistencia a eritromicina fue el mas alto, seguido del de clindamicina. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados del estudio se pueden considerar una advertencia sobre la circulacion de cepas SARM entre el personal de salud de los hospitales participantes y aportan informacion relevante en relacion al perfil de resistencia de las cepas SARM.

Climate Change and Nephrology.

Abstract: Climate change should be of special concern for the nephrologist as the kidney has a critical role in protecting the host from dehydration, but is also a favorite target of heat stress and dehydration. Here we discuss how rising temperatures and extreme heat events may affect the kidney. The most severe presentation of heat stress is heat stroke, which can result in severe electrolyte disturbance and both acute and chronic kidney disease. However, lesser levels of heat stress also have multiple effects, including exacerbating kidney disease and precipitating cardiovascular events in subjects with established kidney disease. Heat stress can also increase the risk for kidney stones, cause multiple electrolyte abnormalities, and induce both acute and chronic kidney disease. Recently there have been multiple epidemics of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology in various regions of the world, including Mesoamerica, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. There is increasing evidence that climate change and heat stress may have a contributory role in these conditions, although other causes including toxins could also be involved. As climate change worsens, the nephrologist should prepare for an increase in diseases associated with heat stress and dehydration.

La revolución verde

Abstract: The subject included is the green revolution and its impact. Agriculture became the main source of human sustenance, world production has suffered a number of changes in recent years influenced by the use of agrochemicals and fertilizers. As the twentieth century came an increase in agricultural production and this surpassed the current increase in population and this is called "green revolution." This was a renewal in the way of producing sources of trade this was based on the production of monoculture and where fertilizers and pesticides were used with greater proportion and this brought with it the massive increase of many important crops causing a revolution in the productive sector.

Sociodemographic, Socio-economic, Clinical and Behavioural Factors Modifying Experience and Prevalence of Dental Caries in the Permanent Dentition.

Abstract: Objective To identify the sociodemographic, socio-economic, clinical and behavioural factors that modify the experience of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and caries prevalence in Nicaraguan children 9-12 years old. Subjects and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 800 school children 9-12 years old in the city of Leon, Nicaragua. The clinical oral examinations to identify caries experience were undertaken by two trained and certified examiners. Sociodemographic, socio-economic and behavioural data were collected using questionnaires. Negative binomial regression (NBR) and binary logistic regression (BLR) models were used to model caries experience and caries prevalence, respectively. Results Mean DMFT index was 0.98 ± 1.74 and caries prevalence (DMFT > 0) was 37.9%. In the NBR model, the categories that increase the expected DMFT mean were: older age, female gender, presence of plaque, and if the school children received curative and curative/preventive dental care in the last year. In the BLR model, the odds of presenting with caries in the permanent dentition were increased in older children, those from large families, mothers with a positive dental attitude, and those school children who received curative and curative/preventive dental care in the last year. Conclusions Using different models, we identified several sociodemographic, socio-economic, clinical and behavioural factors that modify the experience (NBR) and prevalence (BLR) of dental caries.