Institution
Polytechnic University of Valencia
Education•Valencia, Spain•
About: Polytechnic University of Valencia is a education organization based out in Valencia, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Population. The organization has 16282 authors who have published 40162 publications receiving 850234 citations.
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TL;DR: This review is focused on the use of solid Lewis acids to promote catalytic oxidations, and the core of the review is organized to show the evolution from the simplest strategy for heterogeneizing homogeneous catalysts, to the more elaborate ones in which the active sites are part of the solid structure.
Abstract: This review is focused on the use of solid Lewis acids to promote catalytic oxidations. While the concept of using Lewis acids to promote the reaction of organic substrates with oxidizing reagents is widely accepted in homogeneous catalysis, this concept has not become evident and generally used in heterogeneous catalysis until recent days. Certainly the development of new Lewis acid solids active and selective for catalytic oxidations is an urgent need and a challenging scientific target for some substrates especially using environmentally friendly oxidants. Since the replacement of current stoichiometric oxidations for the production of fine chemicals by environmentally benign catalytic oxidations is one of the major tasks in green chemistry, solid Lewis acids are called to play a crucial role to accomplish this goal. In the review, we will see the still important role that stoichiometric oxidations play in our daily life, and how they are being substituted by catalytic oxidations. At this point, three general mechanisms in which Lewis acids are involved will be described, and the material has been organized starting from homogeneous and ending with solid catalysts for heterogeneous oxidations. A bridge between the two will be established by presenting catalytic systems that can fill the gap between the two systems helping to rationalize the nature of the catalytic active sites in solid systems. This review is obviously focused on solid oxidation catalysts, and the core of the review is organized to show the evolution from the simplest strategy for heterogeneizing homogeneous catalysts, i.e., supporting the active species on large surface area solids, to the more elaborate ones in which the active sites are part of the solid structure. Given the importance of metallosilicates, and more specifically titanosilicates, as catalysts in commercial processes, special attention has been paid to these types of materials. Although sufficient references are provided to early seminal work, special emphasis has been given to most recent contributions to this area, particularly of the last 10 years. Patent literature has also been extensively covered in this review. Examples to illustrate the concepts have been selected among recent publications, and an effort has been made to present a series of commercial and near commercial processes based on catalytic oxidations. Finally, two * E-mail: acorma@itq.upv.es. 3837 Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3837−3892
578 citations
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Warsaw University of Life Sciences1, Federal University of Alagoas2, Sofia University3, Russian Academy of Sciences4, University of Florence5, Tanta University6, University of Ferrara7, Central University of Jharkhand8, Polytechnic University of Valencia9, Roanoke College10, University of Łódź11, University of Aveiro12, National University of La Plata13
TL;DR: Practical information on the hardware, methodology, and the hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence technology is provided to scientists who have some experience with the application but are still in the process of discovering what it all means and how it can be used.
Abstract: The aim of this educational review is to provide practical information on the hardware, methodology, and the hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence technology. We present the paper in a question and answer format like frequently asked questions. Although nearly all information on the application of Chl a fluorescence can be found in the literature, it is not always easily accessible. This paper is primarily aimed at scientists who have some experience with the application of Chl a fluorescence but are still in the process of discovering what it all means and how it can be used. Topics discussed are (among other things) the kind of information that can be obtained using different fluorescence techniques, the interpretation of Chl a fluorescence signals, specific applications of these techniques, and practical advice on different subjects, such as on the length of dark adaptation before measurement of the Chl a fluorescence transient. The paper also provides the physiological background for some of the applied procedures. It also serves as a source of reference for experienced scientists.
577 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the use of layered and porous aluminosilicates and layered double hydroxides as catalysts for the Fenton reaction is presented, and the results reported up to late 2009 are presented.
Abstract: This review focuses on the use of layered and porous aluminosilicates and layered double hydroxides as catalysts for the Fenton reaction. In the general sections of this review we present the elementary equations leading to the generation of hydroxyl radicals from H2O2 and the subsequent reactivity of this highly aggressive species. After justifying the advantages of using insoluble solids as heterogeneous catalysts, replacing soluble iron salts, we discuss the desirable features that should have an ideal Fenton catalyst and which are the parameters to be considered when ranking the efficiency of the materials. The main part of this review is focused on presenting the results reported up to late 2009 obtained using layered and porous aluminosilicates as heterogeneous catalysts. The structure of these materials is briefly presented to highlight the benefits and advantages of each type of solid with respect to their use as catalysts. When presenting the catalytic data, special emphasis is made on the missing data that would be useful to clarify, the relative efficiency and performance of the materials. In the final concluding remarks we stress again that the present situation needs to be clarified to draw solid conclusions on the relative performance and efficiency of the tested catalysts.
572 citations
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11 Nov 2011-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The ANTARES Neutrino Telescope was completed in May 2008 and is the first operational neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea as mentioned in this paper, where the main purpose of the detector is to perform neutrinos astronomy and the apparatus also offers facilities for marine and Earth sciences.
Abstract: The ANTARES Neutrino Telescope was completed in May 2008 and is the first operational Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The main purpose of the detector is to perform neutrino astronomy and the apparatus also offers facilities for marine and Earth sciences. This paper describes the design, the construction and the installation of the telescope in the deep sea, offshore from Toulon in France. An illustration of the detector performance is given.
563 citations
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TL;DR: This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about concrete mechanical properties such as E-modulus, compressive strength, and other properties related to E-commerce.
Abstract: Financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, Severo Ochoa program, CTQ 2012-32315 and CTQ2010-18671) and Generalitat Valenciana (GV/2013/040) is gratefully acknowledged. A.D.M. thanks University Grants Commission, New Delhi for the award of Assistant Professorship under its Faculty Recharge Programme.
560 citations
Authors
Showing all 16503 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Avelino Corma | 134 | 1049 | 89095 |
Bruce D. Hammock | 111 | 1409 | 57401 |
Geoffrey A. Ozin | 108 | 811 | 47504 |
Wolfgang J. Parak | 102 | 469 | 43307 |
Hermenegildo García | 97 | 792 | 46585 |
María Vallet-Regí | 95 | 711 | 41641 |
Albert Ferrando | 87 | 419 | 36793 |
Rajendra Prasad | 86 | 945 | 29526 |
J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves | 86 | 602 | 25151 |
George W. Huber | 84 | 280 | 37964 |
Juan J. Calvete | 81 | 458 | 22646 |
Juan M. Feliu | 80 | 544 | 23147 |
Amparo Chiralt | 78 | 298 | 18378 |
Michael Tsapatsis | 77 | 375 | 20051 |
Josep Redon | 77 | 488 | 81395 |