Showing papers by "Polytechnic University of Valencia published in 2015"
TL;DR: A bottom-up synthesis strategy for dispersible copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate MOF lamellae of micrometer lateral dimensions and nanometer thickness is presented and opens the door to ultrathin MOF-polymer composites for various applications.
Abstract: The research leading to these results has received funding (J.G., B.S.) from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 335746, CrystEng-MOF-MMM. T.R. is grateful to TUDelft for funding. G.P. acknowledges the A. von Humboldt Foundation for a research grant. A.C., I.L. and F.X.L.i.X. thank Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (project MULTICAT) and the ‘Severo Ochoa’ programme for support. I.L. also thanks CSIC for a JAE doctoral grant.
1,649 citations
TL;DR: Zehn Grundsatze um Forschung zu bewerten, drangen Diana Hicks, Paul Wouters und Kollegen einiges zusammen wirkt.
Abstract: Nutzen Sie diese zehn Grundsatze um Forschung zu bewerten, drangen Diana Hicks, Paul Wouters und Kollegen.
1,437 citations
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland1, Victoria University of Wellington2, University of Zurich3, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development4, University of Pisa5, University of Magallanes6, Polytechnic University of Valencia7, Natural Resources Canada8, Nagoya University9, University of Silesia in Katowice10, University of Oslo11, Stockholm University12, Nichols College13, Moscow State University14, University of Innsbruck15, Geological Survey of India16, Met Office17, Higher University of San Andrés18
TL;DR: This article provided an overview and analysis of the main observational datasets compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) and showed that the rates of early 21st-century mass loss are without precedent on a global scale, at least for the time period observed and probably also for recorded history.
Abstract: Observations show that glaciers around the world are in retreat and losing mass. Internationally coordinated for over a century, glacier monitoring activities provide an unprecedented dataset of glacier observations from ground, air and space. Glacier studies generally select specific parts of these datasets to obtain optimal assessments of the mass-balance data relating to the impact that glaciers exercise on global sea-level fluctuations or on regional runoff. In this study we provide an overview and analysis of the main observational datasets compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). The dataset on glacier front variations (�42000 since 1600) delivers clear evidence that centennial glacier retreat is a global phenomenon. Intermittent readvance periods at regional and decadal scale are normally restricted to a subsample of glaciers and have not come close to achieving the maximum positions of the Little Ice Age (or Holocene). Glaciological and geodetic observations (�5200since 1850) show that the rates of early 21st-century mass loss are without precedent on a global scale, at least for the time period observed and probably also for recorded history, as indicated also in reconstructions from written and illustrated documents. This strong imbalance implies that glaciers in many regions will very likely suffer further ice loss, even if climate remains stable.
548 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the non-parametric NOISeqBIO efficiently controls false discoveries in experiments with biological replication and outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Abstract: European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013, 306000]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [MICINN, BIO2008-04638-E], in the framework of ERA-Net Pathogenomics; MICINN [DPI2008-06880-C03-03/DPI]. Funding for open access charge: University of Florida, Publication Funds.
547 citations
TL;DR: In this paper the main classes of antioxidants are presented: vitamins, carotenoids and polyphenols.
401 citations
TL;DR: The advances in the synthesis of new zeolite structures in the last decade are presented, which are achieved by utilization of the synthetic strategies based on pre-designed structure-directing agents, heteroatom substitution, and topotactic transformations.
Abstract: The search for new zeolites is of continuous interest in the field of zeolite science because of their widespread application in catalysis and adsorption–separation. To this end, considerable efforts have been devoted to the preparation of new zeolites with novel porous architectures and compositions. Taking account of the key factors governing the formation of zeolites (e.g., guest species, framework elements, construction processes, etc.), several synthetic strategies have been developed recently. These allow the discovery of many new zeolites with unprecedented structural features, such as hierarchical pores, odd-ring numbers (11-, 15-rings), extra-large pores (16-, 18-, 20-, 28-, and 30-rings), chiral pores, and extremely complex framework topologies, etc. In this review, we will present the advances in the synthesis of new zeolite structures in the last decade, which are achieved by utilization of the synthetic strategies based on pre-designed structure-directing agents, heteroatom substitution, and topotactic transformations.
394 citations
TL;DR: The Journal of Business Research (JBR) is a leading international journal in business research dating back to 1973 as mentioned in this paper, which analyzes all the publications in the journal since its creation by using a bibliometric approach.
304 citations
TL;DR: An improvement on the oxygen barrier and stretchability was achieved in PLA-PHB-CNCs-ATBC which also displayed somewhat UV light blocking effect suggesting their possible applications as biodegradable packaging materials.
263 citations
TL;DR: The most attractive achievements in the rational synthesis of multipore zeolites, containing small to extra-large pores, are described, and the improvements reported for relevant chemical processes when these multiporeZeolites have been used as catalysts are described.
Abstract: Financial support by the Spanish Government-MINECO through “Severo Ochoa” (SEV 2012-0267), Consolider Ingenio 2010-Multicat, MAT2012-37160, MAT2012-31657 and Intramural-201480I015 is acknowledged.
259 citations
TL;DR: The development of crops tolerant to drought and salt stress is proposed and the domestication of new halophilic crops are proposed to create a ‘saline agriculture’ which will not compete in terms of resources with conventional agriculture.
Abstract: World population is expected to reach 9.2 × 10(9) people by 2050. Feeding them will require a boost in crop productivity using innovative approaches. Current agricultural production is very dependent on large amounts of inputs and water availability is a major limiting factor. In addition, the loss of genetic diversity and the threat of climate change make a change of paradigm in plant breeding and agricultural practices necessary. Average yields in all major crops are only a small fraction of record yields, and drought and soil salinity are the main factors responsible for yield reduction. Therefore there is the need to enhance crop productivity by improving crop adaptation. Here we review the present situation and propose the development of crops tolerant to drought and salt stress for addressing the challenge of dramatically increasing food production in the near future. The success in the development of crops adapted to drought and salt depends on the efficient and combined use of genetic engineering and traditional breeding tools. Moreover, we propose the domestication of new halophilic crops to create a 'saline agriculture' which will not compete in terms of resources with conventional agriculture.
258 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of fundamental water scarcity and drought indexes that enable to assess the status of a water exploitation system is presented to help decision makers and stakeholders to select the most appropriate indexes, taking as the starting point the objectives of the analysis and the river basin features.
TL;DR: VR-based telerehabilitation interventions can promote the reacquisition of locomotor skills associated with balance in the same way as do in-clinic interventions, both complemented with a conventional therapy program; second, the usability of and motivation to use the 2 interventions can be similar; and third, telere rehabilitation interventions can involve savings that vary depending on each scenario.
Norwich Research Park1, University of Cambridge2, Polytechnic University of Valencia3, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology4, Technische Universität Darmstadt5, Joint BioEnergy Institute6, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory7, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center8, University of Sheffield9, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland10, Royal Holloway, University of London11, Weizmann Institute of Science12, University of Essex13, United States Department of Agriculture14, University of Wisconsin-Madison15, University of Copenhagen16, University of Oxford17, Aarhus University18, Wageningen University and Research Centre19, Cardiff University20, University of Warwick21, University of Bristol22
TL;DR: A standard for Type IIS restriction endonuclease-mediated assembly is described, defining a common syntax of 12 fusion sites to enable the facile assembly of eukaryotic transcriptional units.
Abstract: Inventors in the field of mechanical and electronic engineering can access multitudes of components and, thanks to standardization, parts from different manufacturers can be used in combination with each other. The introduction of BioBrick standards for the assembly of characterized DNA sequences was a landmark in microbial engineering, shaping the field of synthetic biology. Here, we describe a standard for Type IIS restriction endonuclease-mediated assembly, defining a common syntax of 12 fusion sites to enable the facile assembly of eukaryotic transcriptional units. This standard has been developed and agreed by representatives and leaders of the international plant science and synthetic biology communities, including inventors, developers and adopters of Type IIS cloning methods. Our vision is of an extensive catalogue of standardized, characterized DNA parts that will accelerate plant bioengineering.
TL;DR: In this paper, three generations of gold nanoparticles on solid supports have been developed to improve the performance of the original gold catalysts in the presence of double and triple CC bonds, with H2 as reductant and no soluble additives needed.
Abstract: The hydrogenation of nitro compounds is an industrial process that has experienced a renovated interest in the last 10 years due to the discovery of highly selective and environmentally friendly solid catalysts. Particularly, the performance of chemoselective reactions in the presence of very sensitive groups such as double and triple CC bonds, with H2 as reductant and no soluble additives needed, had been elusive for decades. The discovery that gold nanoparticles on solid supports could carry out such a reaction very selectively invigorated this area of research and claimed gold as an outstanding catalyst beyond oxidation processes. Subsequent work, devoted to understand how gold catalysts operate, established a strong basis for the design of more efficient materials and the development of new routes for the synthesis of nitro derivatives. Here, we present three generations of materials that allowed improving the performance of the original gold catalysts. The relatively low activity of the initial Au/Ti...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of functional group substitution at the ligand benzene ring, alcohol chain length, particle size and contents of defects on the catalytic activity of Zr-containing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was studied in detail.
TL;DR: These results may be interpreted as suggesting that scientific audiences are reluctant to cite heterodox papers that mix highly disparate bodies of knowledge—thus giving less credit to publications that are too groundbreaking or challenging, as distal interdisciplinary research might be too risky and more likely to fail.
Abstract: This article analyses the effect of degree of interdisciplinarity on the citation impact of individual publications for four different scientific fields. We operationalise interdisciplinarity as disciplinary diversity in the references of a publication, and rather than treating interdisciplinarity as a monodimensional property, we investigate the separate effect of different aspects of diversity on citation impact: i.e. variety, balance and disparity. We use a Tobit regression model to examine the effect of these properties of interdisciplinarity on citation impact, controlling for a range of variables associated with the characteristics of publications. We find that variety has a positive effect on impact, whereas balance and disparity have a negative effect. Our results further qualify the separate effect of these three aspects of diversity by pointing out that all three dimensions of interdisciplinarity display a curvilinear (inverted U-shape) relationship with citation impact. These findings can be interpreted in two different ways. On the one hand, they are consistent with the view that, while combining multiple fields has a positive effect in knowledge creation, successful research is better achieved through research efforts that draw on a relatively proximal range of fields, as distal interdisciplinary research might be too risky and more likely to fail. On the other hand, these results may be interpreted as suggesting that scientific audiences are reluctant to cite heterodox papers that mix highly disparate bodies of knowledge—thus giving less credit to publications that are too groundbreaking or challenging.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended previous studies on the organizational impact of Internet technologies by analyzing factors affecting e-business use and its effect on organizational innovation in manufacturing Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (SMEs).
Abstract: This paper extends previous studies on the organizational impact of Internet technologies by analyzing factors affecting e-business use and its effect on organizational innovation in manufacturing Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (SMEs). In addition, the mediating effect of organizational innovation on the relationship between e-business and firm performance is analyzed. Grounded in the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theory and the Knowledge-Based View (KBV), this paper develops an integrative research model which analyzes those relations using partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling on a dataset of 175 Spanish manufacturing SMEs. Results suggest that e-business use emerges from technological and internal organizational resources rather than from external pressure. In addition, results show that e-business use contributes positively to firm performance through organizational innovation.
01 Jun 2015
TL;DR: This report summarizes the objectives and evaluation of the SemEval 2015 task on the sentiment analysis of figurative language on Twitter (Task 11), the first sentiment analysis task wholly dedicated to analyzing figurativelanguage on Twitter.
Abstract: This report summarizes the objectives and evaluation of the SemEval 2015 task on the sentiment analysis of figurative language on Twitter (Task 11). This is the first sentiment analysis task wholly dedicated to analyzing figurative language on Twitter. Specifically, three broad classes of figurative language are considered: irony, sarcasm and metaphor. Gold standard sets of 8000 training tweets and 4000 test tweets were annotated using workers on the crowdsourcing platform CrowdFlower. Participating systems were required to provide a fine-grained sentiment score on an 11-point scale (-5 to +5, including 0 for neutral intent) for each tweet, and systems were evaluated against the gold standard using both a Cosinesimilarity and a Mean-Squared-Error measure.
TL;DR: In this article, the self-healing effect of a crystalline admixture in four types of environmental exposure comparing with a reference concrete was analyzed by means of permeability tests on cracked specimens and physical closing of the crack was observed by optic microscope and quantified through crack geometrical parameters.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed and analyzed the different mixtures proposed by the AHRI as alternative refrigerants to those employed currently and concluded that most of the new HFO/HFC mixtures perform under the HFC analyzed (although some experimental studies show the contrary) and, in most cases, do not meet the GWP restrictions approved by the European normative.
Abstract: The EU Regulation No 517/2014 is going to phase-out most of the refrigerants commonly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems (R134a, R404A and R410A) because of their extended use and their high GWP values. There are very different options to replace them; however, no refrigerant has yet imposed. In this paper we review and analyze the different mixtures proposed by the AHRI as alternative refrigerants to those employed currently. These mixtures are composed by HFC refrigerants: R32, R125, R152a and R134a; and HFO refrigerants: R1234yf and R1234ze(E). It is concluded, from the theoretical analysis, that most of the new HFO/HFC mixtures perform under the HFC analyzed (although some experimental studies show the contrary) and, in most cases, do not meet the GWP restrictions approved by the European normative. Furthermore, some of the mixtures proposed would have problems due to their flammability.
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of business incubators on firm survival was analyzed using a configurational comparative method, namely fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), and the authors examined whether degree of business innovation, size, sector, and export activity affects firm survival.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed a database of Spanish and Italian SMEs and found that entrepreneurial orientation is a managerial attitude that enhances exports when managers also make efforts in organizational learning and innovation, but it might not be sufficient for increasing export performance if the company is not able to learn and to innovate.
TL;DR: The analyses showed that the children made significant learning gains about the water cycle, regardless of the method used, and suggested that games of this kind could be used as a tool in primary schools to reinforce students' lessons.
Abstract: Different methods can be used for learning, and they can be compared in several aspects, especially those related to learning outcomes. In this paper, we present a study in order to compare the learning effectiveness and satisfaction of children using an iPhone game for learning the water cycle vs. the traditional classroom lesson. The iPhone game includes multiple interaction forms and combined augmented reality AR mini-games with non-AR mini-games. The traditional classroom lesson had the same learning content as the iPhone game. Thirty-eight children participated in the study. The analyses showed that the children made significant learning gains about the water cycle, regardless of the method used. Even though the results showed that the iPhone method achieved higher knowledge results than the traditional classroom lesson, no statistically significant differences were found between the iPhone and the classroom lesson. When analysing the motivational outcomes, the results showed that the children found the iPhone game to be more satisfying than the classroom lessons. Since the iPhone game achieved similar learning results and a higher motivational effect than the classroom lesson, this suggests that games of this kind could be used as a tool in primary schools to reinforce students' lessons.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced bioepoxy composites was investigated using a water bath at room temperature for a time duration.
Abstract: In the context of sustainable development, considerable interest is being shown in the use of natural fibres like as reinforcement in polymer composites and in the development of resins from renewable resources. This paper focuses on eco-friendly and sustainable green composites manufacturing using resin transfer moulding (RTM) process. Flax fibre reinforced bioepoxy composites at different weight fractions (40 and 55 wt%) were prepared in order to study the effect of water absorption on their mechanical properties. Water absorption test was carried out by immersion specimens in water bath at room temperature for a time duration. The process of water absorption of these composites was found to approach Fickian diffusion behavior. Diffusion coefficients and maximum water uptake values were evaluated; the results showed that both increased with an increase in fibre content. Tensile and flexural properties of water immersed specimens were evaluated and compared to dry composite specimens. The results suggest that swelling of flax fibres due to water absorption can have positive effects on mechanical properties of the composite material. The results of this study showed that RTM process could be used to manufacture natural fibre reinforced composites with good mechanical properties even for potential applications in a humid environment.
TL;DR: The main motivation for the floating photovoltaic panels was the land premium, especially for agricultural sites were the land was more valuable for growth of the crops (in these cases, grapes because the sites were wineries) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The paper gives a review of the various projects that have been realised in throughout the years. These have all been in enclosed water bodies such as reservoirs, ponds and small lakes. The main motivation for the floating photovoltaic (PV) panels was the land premium, especially for agricultural sites were the land was more valuable for growth of the crops (in these cases, grapes because the sites were wineries). The PV panels of the existing projects are mounted on a rigid pontoon structure and vary between horizontal and tilted installations. Future concepts proposed for marine and large lacusterine sites are envisaged to incorporate laminated thin film PV, which would allow the structure to be flexible and able to yield with the oncoming waves, and submergible arrays, which would be submerged in harsh weather conditions. Interest and research has been developing in this niche field throughout the years and has currently reached the megawatt scale with even bigger plans for the future. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: A state-of-the-art review of the literature on sustainable manufacturing operations scheduling can be found in this article, where the relevant challenges and issues are discussed in depth, and subsequently urgent problems that must be solved through research in order to meet industry requirements are pointed out.
University of Western Sydney1, Hobart Corporation2, United States Forest Service3, Colorado State University4, Los Alamos National Laboratory5, Institut national de la recherche agronomique6, University of Alberta7, Blaise Pascal University8, Princeton University9, Australian National University10, University of Tasmania11, Central Science Laboratory12, Hebrew University of Jerusalem13, Oregon State University14, Max Planck Society15, University of Basel16, University of Montana17, Hokkaido University18, Autonomous University of Barcelona19, Spanish National Research Council20, University of British Columbia21, University of Bordeaux22, Polytechnic University of Valencia23, Estonian University of Life Sciences24, University of Vienna25, Wageningen University and Research Centre26, University of Western Ontario27, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology28, Duke University29, University of Peradeniya30, University of Gothenburg31
TL;DR: It is shown that NSC estimates for woody plant tissues cannot be compared among laboratories, and users can either adopt the reference method given in this publication, or report estimates for a portion of samples using thereference method, and report estimates to a standard reference material.
Abstract: Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plant tissue are frequently quantified to make inferences about plant responses to environmental conditions. Laboratories publishing estimates of NSC of woody plants use many different methods to evaluate NSC. We asked whether NSC estimates in the recent literature could be quantitatively compared among studies. We also asked whether any differences among laboratories were related to the extraction and quantification methods used to determine starch and sugar concentrations. These questions were addressed by sending sub-samples collected from five woody plant tissues, which varied in NSC content and chemical composition, to 29 laboratories. Each laboratory analyzed the samples with their laboratory-specific protocols, based on recent publications, to determine concentrations of soluble sugars, starch and their sum, total NSC. Laboratory estimates differed substantially for all samples. For example, estimates for Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EGL) varied from 23 to 116 (mean = 56) mg g(-1) for soluble sugars, 6-533 (mean = 94) mg g-1 for starch and 53-649 (mean = 153) mg g-1 for total NSC. Mixed model analysis of variance showed that much of the variability among laboratories was unrelated to the categories we used for extraction and quantification methods (method category R-2 = 0.05-0.12 for soluble sugars, 0.10-0.33 for starch and 0.01-0.09 for total NSC). For EGL, the difference between the highest and lowest least squares means for categories in the mixed model analysis was 33 mg g-1 for total NSC, compared with the range of laboratory estimates of 596 mg g-1. Laboratories were reasonably consistent in their ranks of estimates among tissues for starch (r = 0.41-0.91), but less so for total NSC (r = 0.45-0.84) and soluble sugars (r = 0.11-0.83). Our results show that NSC estimates for woody plant tissues cannot be compared among laboratories. The relative changes in NSC between treatments measured within a laboratory may be comparable within and between laboratories, especially for starch. To obtain comparable NSC estimates, we suggest that users can either adopt the reference method given in this publication, or report estimates for a portion of samples using the reference method, and report estimates for a standard reference material. Researchers interested in NSC estimates should work to identify and adopt standard methods.
TL;DR: By taking advantage of the confinement effects on nanopore space, synthetic methane hydrates grow under mild conditions, with faster kinetics than nature, fully reversibly and with a nominal stoichiometry that mimics nature.
Abstract: Natural methane hydrates are believed to be the largest source of hydrocarbons on Earth These structures are formed in specific locations such as deep-sea sediments and the permafrost based on demanding conditions of high pressure and low temperature Here we report that, by taking advantage of the confinement effects on nanopore space, synthetic methane hydrates grow under mild conditions (35 MPa and 2 °C), with faster kinetics (within minutes) than nature, fully reversibly and with a nominal stoichiometry that mimics nature The formation of the hydrate structures in nanospace and their similarity to natural hydrates is confirmed using inelastic neutron scattering experiments and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction These findings may be a step towards the application of a smart synthesis of methane hydrates in energy-demanding applications (for example, transportation)
University of Pretoria1, Rovira i Virgili University2, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio3, University of Calcutta4, Murdoch University5, Sofia University6, Spanish National Research Council7, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences8, Russian Academy of Sciences9, Moscow State University10, University of Bari11, Polytechnic University of Valencia12, Sao Paulo State University13, Université catholique de Louvain14, University of Turin15, University of Queensland16, Max Planck Society17, University of La Rioja18, Universidade Federal de Viçosa19, Stellenbosch University20, Kappa21, California Department of Food and Agriculture22, University of Sydney23
TL;DR: Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from EUCalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucallyptigena from EucalyPTus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella gaelicola eucaliptorum from Eukalyptu pellitas, Pilidiellarina euc
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoe othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora viticola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also described from Iris sp. (The Netherlands). Novel genera include (Ascomycetes): Budhanggurabania from Cynodon dactylon (Australia), Soloacrosporiella, Xenocamarosporium, Neostrelitziana and Castanediella from Acacia mangium and Sabahriopsis from Eucalyptus brassiana (Malaysia), Readerielliopsis from basidiomata of Fuscoporia wahlbergii (French Guyana), Neoplatysporoides from Aloe ferox (Tanzania), Wojnowiciella, Chrysofolia and Neoeriomycopsis from Eucalyptus (Colombia), Neophaeomoniella from Eucalyptus globulus (USA), Pseudophaeomoniella from Olea europaea (Italy), Paraphaeomoniella from Encephalartos altensteinii, Aequabiliella, Celerioriella and Minutiella from Prunus (South Africa). Tephrocybella (Basidiomycetes) represents a novel genus from wood (Italy). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.
TL;DR: It is shown that spin–orbit coupling, when the spin of the incident circularly polarized light is converted into lateral electromagnetic momentum, leads to a lateral optical force acting on particles placed above a substrate, associated with a recoil mechanical force.
Abstract: Optical forces allow manipulation of small particles and control of nanophotonic structures with light beams. While some techniques rely on structured light to move particles using field intensity gradients, acting locally, other optical forces can 'push' particles on a wide area of illumination but only in the direction of light propagation. Here we show that spin-orbit coupling, when the spin of the incident circularly polarized light is converted into lateral electromagnetic momentum, leads to a lateral optical force acting on particles placed above a substrate, associated with a recoil mechanical force. This counterintuitive force acts in a direction in which the illumination has neither a field gradient nor propagation. The force direction is switchable with the polarization of uniform, plane wave illumination, and its magnitude is comparable to other optical forces.