Sao Paulo State University

About: Sao Paulo State University is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 55715 authors who have published 100436 publications receiving 1375332 citations.

FEMa: a finite element machine for fast learning

Abstract: Machine learning has played an essential role in the past decades and has been in lockstep with the main advances in computer technology. Given the massive amount of data generated daily, there is a need for even faster and more effective machine learning algorithms that can provide updated models for real-time applications and on-demand tools. This paper presents FEMa—a finite element machine classifier—for supervised learning problems, where each training sample is the center of a basis function, and the whole training set is modeled as a probabilistic manifold for classification purposes. FEMa has its theoretical basis in the finite element method, which is widely used for numeral analysis in engineering problems. It is shown FEMa is parameterless and has a quadratic complexity for both training and classification phases when basis functions are used that satisfy certain properties. The proposed classifier yields very competitive results when compared to some state-of-the-art supervised pattern recognition techniques.

Diversidade, distribuição espacial e temporal de anfíbios anuros (Amphibia, Anura) na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract: The richness and abundance of adults and tadpoles of anuran amphibians were studied during 15 months in ten water bodies, in Nova Itapirema, Sao Paulo, Brazil, region that was intensively impacted by agricultural activities. Twenty-seven species of anurans were registered, and among them four species were new records for this region. Most species are typical from open areas, and the higher richness and species diversity were found in lentic water bodies. However, due to the few water bodies in fragments of riparian forest, comparisons among water bodies in open area and in fragments of riparian forest were not possible. Six descriptors of water bodies heterogeneity were determined, but no one was related with the species richness. On the other hand, both richness and abundance of species were strongly correlated with climatic variables. The species composition (b diversity) was similar among the water bodies, which probably reflect the great niche breadth, typical of species from unstable or modified environments. The anuran richness observed in the studied region is similar to other localities where the level of environmental conservation is higher, as the Estacao Ecologica de Aguas Emendadas (Federal District) and the Floresta Nacional de Silvânia (Goias).

Fluoride Dose Response in pH-Cycling Models Using Bovine Enamel

Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish methodologies for verification of the fluoride solution dose-response relationship using bovine enamel and pH-cycling models. Six models of the cariogenic challe

Reliability of toluidine blue application in the detection of oral epithelial dysplasia and in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas.

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of in vivo staining with toluidine blue in the detection of oral epithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinomas in potentially malignant epithelial lesions (PMELs) and superficial oral ulcerations suggesting malignancy Study Design: Fifty patients with PMELs and superficial oral ulcerations suggestive of malignancy were selected from those treated at the Oral Medicine Service, Faculty of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil All lesions were submitted to staining with an aqueous solution of 1% toluidine blue, followed by biopsy and histologic analysis The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated Results: Histologic diagnosis revealed that 14% of the lesions analyzed were in situ carcinoma and invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 12% were epithelial dysplasias, 13% were keratosis, 40% were lichen planus, and 8% were other benign lesions The sensitivity of the staining was 77%, the specificity 67%, and the positive and negative predictive values 435% and 889%, respectively Conclusions: Staining with toluidine blue was demonstrated to be highly reliable in the detection of in situ carcinoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, because false-negative results for the lesions did not occur Toluidine blue staining is an adjunct to clinical judgment and not a substitute for either judgment or biopsy (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;91:535-40)