Sao Paulo State University

About: Sao Paulo State University is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 55715 authors who have published 100436 publications receiving 1375332 citations.

Classificação climática de Köppen e de Thornthwaite e sua aplicabilidade na determinação de zonas agroclimáticas para o estado de são Paulo

Abstract: O clima pode ser entendido como as condicoes atmosfericas medias em uma certa regiao. Ele influencia diretamente a maioria das atividades humanas, em especial a agricultura na qual define o nivel de produtividade agricola, condicionado principalmente pela disponibilidade hidrica regional. Entretanto, os sistemas de classificacoes climaticas (SCC) sao pouco utilizados no âmbito de estudos agricolas pois, normalmente, considera-se sua escala de atuacao muito abrangente. Dessa forma, valores medios mensais de temperatura maxima e minima do ar de 27 estacoes termometricas e de 427 postos pluviometricos do Estado de Sao Paulo foram utilizados na atualizacao e melhoria do mapeamento dos SCC de Koppen modificado e de Thornthwaite, alem da avaliacao de potenciais aplicacoes em estudos de zoneamento agroclimaticos para o Estado de Sao Paulo. A utilizacao de dados de 427 localidades propiciou um mapeamento mais acurado do Estado pelas duas classificacoes. Avaliou-se a aplicabilidade das classificacoes em estudos agroclimaticos pela capacidade de separacao dos climas pelos dois sistemas em relacao aos elementos meteorologicos e componentes do balanco hidrico normal, com analises de dispersao dos dados, testes de separacao de medias de Tukey e analises de cluster com dados independentes. O SCC de Koppen foi eficiente apenas na macroescala e com baixa capacidade de separacao de tipos de climas em relacao aos elementos meteorologicos (temperatura do ar, chuva) e elementos resultantes do balanco hidrico (evapotranspiracao, deficiencia e excedente hidrico). Consequentemente, nao deve ser utilizado em estudos agrometeorologicos. O SCC de Thornthwaite permitiu separar eficientemente os climas na topoescala ou mesoescala, pois conseguiu resumir eficientemente as informacoes geradas por balancos hidricos normais, demonstrando capacidade para determinacao de zonas agroclimaticas. Foram tambem feitas discussoes sobre epocas de semeadura e qualidade de produtos agricolas relacionadas com os SCC considerados.

Including the sub-grid scale plume rise of vegetation fires in low resolution atmospheric transport models

Abstract: We describe and begin to evaluate a parameterization to include the vertical transport of hot gases and particles emitted from biomass burning in low resolution atmospheric-chemistry transport models. This sub-grid transport mechanism is simulated by embedding a 1-D cloud-resolving model with appropriate lower boundary conditions in each column of the 3-D host model. Through assimilation of remote sensing fire products, we recognize which columns have fires. Using a land use dataset appropriate fire properties are selected. The host model provides the environmental conditions, allowing the plume rise to be simulated explicitly. The derived height of the plume is then used in the source emission field of the host model to determine the effective injection height, releasing the material emitted during the flaming phase at this height. Model results are compared with CO aircraft profiles from an Amazon basin field campaign and with satellite data, showing the huge impact that this mechanism has on model performance. We also show the relative role of each main vertical transport mechanisms, shallow and deep moist convection and the pyro-convection (dry or moist) induced by vegetation fires, on the distribution of biomass burning CO emissions in the troposphere.

Resistance of Santa Ines, Suffolk and Ile de France sheep to naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections.

Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the breed resistance against nematode infections in Santa Ines, Ile de France and Suffolk male lambs over a 9-month period in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Lambs were born during the winter (year 2000) and were weaned at 2 months of age. The animals were then housed and treated with anthelmintics to eliminate natural infections by gastrointestinal nematodes. In late October 2000, lambs were placed in a paddock, where they stayed until August of the following year. Fecal and blood samples were taken from each animal every 2 weeks. On the same day, a pasture sample was collected to determine the number of infective larvae on the herbage. To prevent deaths, individual treatment with anthelmintics was provided to lambs with fecal egg counts (FEC) higher than 4000 eggs per gram (EPG) or with a packed cell volume (PCV) lower than 21%. In August 2001, all animals were slaughtered and the worms present in samples of the gastrointestinal contents were identified and counted. Most of the Suffolk and Ile de France sheep received three to six anthelmintic treatments over a period of 7 months, while most of the Santa Ines were not treated. Reductions in PCV and plasma protein values associated with high FEC and worm burdens were recorded, particularly, in Suffolk and Ile de France lambs. Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum columbianum burdens and number of nodular lesions caused in the large intestine by O. columbianum larvae were significantly lower in Santa Ines sheep. All three breeds showed similar Trichostrongylus colubriformis worm burdens. The relative resistance of Santa Ines young male sheep was superior to that of Suffolk and Ile de France sheep.

Forward-backward asymmetry in top quark-antiquark production

Abstract: We present a measurement of forward-backward asymmetry in top quark-antiquark production in proton-antiproton collisions in the final state containing a lepton and at least four jets. Using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4\,\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$, collected by the \DZ\ experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, we measure the \ttbar\ forward-backward asymmetry to be $(9.2 \pm 3.7)$% at the reconstruction level. When corrected for detector acceptance and resolution, the asymmetry is found to be $(19.6 \pm 6.5)$%. We also measure a corrected asymmetry based on the lepton from a top quark decay, found to be $(15.2 \pm 4.0)$%. The results are compared to predictions based on the next-to-leading-order QCD generator {\sc mc@nlo}. The sensitivity of the measured and predicted asymmetries to the modeling of gluon radiation is discussed.