Showing papers by "Tokyo Institute of Technology published in 2005"
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) were examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter.
2,572 citations
Broad Institute1, J. Craig Venter Institute2, Stanford University3, Oregon Health & Science University4, University of Glasgow5, Genetic Information Research Institute6, Institut Universitaire de France7, University of Kentucky8, University of Nebraska–Lincoln9, University of Göttingen10, Pasteur Institute11, University of São Paulo12, Texas A&M University13, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute14, John Innes Centre15, University of Wisconsin-Madison16, Max Planck Society17, University of Oregon18, University of Nottingham19, Spanish National Research Council20, Ohio State University21, University of Georgia22, Tokyo Institute of Technology23, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology24, George Washington University25, University of Manchester26, University of Liverpool27, University of Melbourne28, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology29, University of Idaho30
TL;DR: The aspergilli comprise a diverse group of filamentous fungi spanning over 200 million years of evolution, and a comparative study with Aspergillus fumigatus and As pergillus oryzae, used in the production of sake, miso and soy sauce, provides new insight into eukaryotic genome evolution and gene regulation.
Abstract: The aspergilli comprise a diverse group of filamentous fungi spanning over 200 million years of evolution. Here we report the genome sequence of the model organism Aspergillus nidulans, and a comparative study with Aspergillus fumigatus, a serious human pathogen, and Aspergillus oryzae, used in the production of sake, miso and soy sauce. Our analysis of genome structure provided a quantitative evaluation of forces driving long-term eukaryotic genome evolution. It also led to an experimentally validated model of mating-type locus evolution, suggesting the potential for sexual reproduction in A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. Our analysis of sequence conservation revealed over 5,000 non-coding regions actively conserved across all three species. Within these regions, we identified potential functional elements including a previously uncharacterized TPP riboswitch and motifs suggesting regulation in filamentous fungi by Puf family genes. We further obtained comparative and experimental evidence indicating widespread translational regulation by upstream open reading frames. These results enhance our understanding of these widely studied fungi as well as provide new insight into eukaryotic genome evolution and gene regulation.
1,297 citations
Patent•
28 Feb 2005TL;DR: In this paper, an amorphous oxide and a thin-film transistor were constructed using an electron carrier concentration less than 10 18 /cm 3, where the electron carrier was obtained by using a gate electrode and gate insulating film.
Abstract: The present invention relates to an amorphous oxide and a thin film transistor using the amorphous oxide. In particular, the present invention provides an amorphous oxide having an electron carrier concentration less than 10 18 /cm 3 , and a thin film transistor using such an amorphous oxide. In a thin film transistor having a source electrode 6 , a drain electrode 5 , a gate electrode 4 , a gate insulating film 3 , and a channel layer 2 , an amorphous oxide having an electron carrier concentration less than 10 18 /cm 3 is used in the channel layer 2.
1,214 citations
Patent•
09 Nov 2005TL;DR: In this article, a novel amorphous oxide applicable to an active layer of a TFT is provided, which consists of microcrystals and can be applied to any TFT.
Abstract: A novel amorphous oxide applicable, for example, to an active layer of a TFT is provided. The amorphous oxide comprises microcrystals.
1,182 citations
Patent•
09 Nov 2005TL;DR: In this paper, a P-type and N-type region was defined for transparent oxide film-based semiconductor devices and circuits with use of transparent oxide films, where amorphous oxides with electron carrier concentration less than 10 18 /cm 3 were used for the N-Type region.
Abstract: Semiconductor devices and circuits with use of transparent oxide film are provided. The semiconductor device having a P-type region and an N-type region, wherein amorphous oxides with electron carrier concentration less than 10 18 /cm 3 is used for the N-type region.
1,073 citations
Patent•
09 Nov 2005TL;DR: A sensor for detecting a received electromagnetic wave comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and an amorphous oxide layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode is described in this article.
Abstract: A sensor for detecting a received electromagnetic wave comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and an amorphous oxide layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
1,050 citations
Patent•
09 Nov 2005TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a novel method for manufacturing a field effect transistor. But this method required that ultraviolet rays are irradiated on the substrate surface in an ozone atmosphere, plasma is irradiated onto the substrate surfaces, or the surface is cleaned by a chemical solution containing hydrogen peroxide.
Abstract: Provided is a novel method for manufacturing a field effect transistor. Prior to forming an amorphous oxide layer on a substrate, ultraviolet rays are irradiated onto the substrate surface in an ozone atmosphere, plasma is irradiated onto the substrate surface, or the substrate surface is cleaned by a chemical solution containing hydrogen peroxide.
1,044 citations
05 Dec 2005
TL;DR: This paper deals with general pure active filters for power conditioning, and specific hybridactive filters for harmonic filtering of three-phase diode rectifiers.
Abstract: Unlike traditional passive harmonic filters, modern active harmonic filters have the following multiple functions: harmonic filtering, damping,isolation and termination, reactive-power control for power factor correction and voltage regulation, load balancing, voltage-flicker reduction, and/or their combinations. Significant cost reductions in both power semiconductor devices and signal processing devices have inspired manufactures to put active filters on the market. This paper deals with general pure active filters for power conditioning, and specific hybrid active filters for harmonic filtering of three-phase diode rectifiers.
954 citations
TL;DR: In this article, anatase Ti1−xNbxO2 films with x = 0.002-0.2 have been shown to have high resistivity and transport and optical properties comparable to those of typical TCOs, such as In2−xSnxO3 and ZnO.
Abstract: This Letter focuses on the discovery of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO), anatase Ti1−xNbxO2 films with x=0.002–0.2. The resistivity of films with x⩾0.03 is 2–3×10−4Ωcm at room temperature. The carrier density of Ti1−xNbxO2 can be controlled in a range of 1×1019to2×1021cm−3. The internal transmittance for films with x⩽0.03 (40nm thickness) is about 97% in the visible light region. The transport and optical parameters are comparable to those of typical TCOs, such as In2−xSnxO3 and ZnO.
737 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief review is given of electronic and transport properties of carbon nanotubes obtained mainly in a k · p scheme, including a giant Aharonov-Bohm effect on the band gap and a Landau-level formation in magnetic fields.
Abstract: A brief review is given of electronic and transport properties of carbon nanotubes obtained mainly in a k · p scheme. The topics include a giant Aharonov–Bohm effect on the band gap and a Landau-level formation in magnetic fields, magnetic properties, interaction effects on the band structure, optical absorption spectra, and exciton effects. Transport properties are also discussed including absence of backward scattering except for scatterers with a potential range smaller than the lattice constant, its extension to multi-channel cases, a conductance quantization in the presence of short-range and strong scatterers such as lattice vacancies, and transport across junctions between nanotubes with different diameters. A continuum model for phonons in the long-wavelength limit and the resistivity determined by phonon scattering are reviewed as well.
734 citations
TL;DR: This high-performance catalyst, which consists of stable sulphonated amorphous carbon, is recyclable and its activity markedly exceeds that of other solid acid catalysts tested for ‘biodiesel’ production.
Abstract: The production of diesel from vegetable oil calls for an efficient solid catalyst to make the process fully ecologically friendly. Here we describe the preparation of such a catalyst from common, inexpensive sugars. This high-performance catalyst, which consists of stable sulphonated amorphous carbon, is recyclable and its activity markedly exceeds that of other solid acid catalysts tested for 'biodiesel' production.
University of Tokyo1, Boston University2, Brookhaven National Laboratory3, University of California, Irvine4, California State University, Dominguez Hills5, Chonnam National University6, Duke University7, George Mason University8, Gifu University9, Indiana University10, University of Tsukuba11, Okayama University12, Kobe University13, Kyoto University14, Los Alamos National Laboratory15, Louisiana State University16, University of Maryland, College Park17, University of Minnesota18, Miyagi University of Education19, Stony Brook University20, Nagoya University21, Niigata University22, Osaka University23, Seoul National University24, Shizuoka University25, Sungkyunkwan University26, Tohoku University27, Tokai University28, Tokyo Institute of Technology29, University of Warsaw30, University of Washington31
TL;DR: In this article, a combined analysis of fully-contained, partially-contained and upward-going muon atmospheric neutrino data from a 1489 d exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector is presented.
Abstract: We present a combined analysis of fully-contained, partially-contained and upward-going muon atmospheric neutrino data from a 1489 d exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. The data samples span roughly five decades in neutrino energy, from 100 MeV to 10 TeV. A detailed Monte Carlo comparison is described and presented. The data is fit to the Monte Carlo expectation, and is found to be consistent with neutrino oscillations of {nu}{sub {mu}}{r_reversible}{nu}{sub {tau}} with sin{sup 2}2{theta}>0.92 and 1.5x10{sup -3}<{delta}m{sup 2}<3.4x10{sup -3} eV{sup 2} at 90% confidence level.
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of structure-dependent edge states of graphite is revealed by both ambient and ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscopy and scan tunneling spectroscopy observations.
Abstract: The presence of structure-dependent edge states of graphite is revealed by both ambient and ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy observations. On a hydrogenated zigzag (armchair) edge, bright spots are (are not) observed together with a $(\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3})R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ superlattice near the Fermi level (${V}_{S}\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mV}$ for a peak of the local density of states) under UHV, demonstrating that a zigzag edge is responsible for the edge states, although there is no appreciable difference between as-prepared zigzag and armchair edges in air. Even in the hydrogenated armchair edge, however, bright spots are observed at defect points, at which partial zigzag edges are created in the armchair edge.
TL;DR: In this paper, the first lanthanide single-molecule magnet was reported to exhibit clear staircase-like structures, which were assigned to resonant quantum tunneling between entangled states of the electron and nuclear spin systems.
Abstract: Magnetization versus field measurements were performed on single crystals of [(Pc)2TbIII0.02YIII0.98]^TBA+ and [(Pc)2DyIII0.02YIII0.98]^TBA+ (Pc: phthalocyaninato, TBA: tetrabutylammonium) at 0.04 K. The [(Pc)2TbIII] complex, the first lanthanide single-molecule magnet, exhibited clear staircase-like structures, which are assigned to resonant quantum tunneling between entangled states of the electron and nuclear spin systems.
Pennsylvania State University1, California Institute of Technology2, National Radio Astronomy Observatory3, University of Hawaii4, Carnegie Institution for Science5, Hebrew University of Jerusalem6, Australian National University7, Pomona College8, University of Virginia9, University of Texas at Austin10, University of Copenhagen11, University of Toronto12, Tokyo Institute of Technology13, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan14, Kyoto University15, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory16, University of California, Berkeley17
TL;DR: In this article, the X-ray afterglow of a short-hard burst, GRB 050709, was found to be associated with a star-forming galaxy at redshift z = 0.160.
Abstract: The final chapter in the long-standing mystery of the γ-ray bursts (GRBs) centres on the origin of the short-hard class of bursts, which are suspected on theoretical grounds to result from the coalescence of neutron-star or black-hole binary systems. Numerous searches for the afterglows of short-hard bursts have been made, galvanized by the revolution in our understanding of long-duration GRBs that followed the discovery in 1997 of their broadband (X-ray, optical and radio) afterglow emission. Here we present the discovery of the X-ray afterglow of a short-hard burst, GRB 050709, whose accurate position allows us to associate it unambiguously with a star-forming galaxy at redshift z = 0.160, and whose optical lightcurve definitively excludes a supernova association. Together with results from three other recent short-hard bursts, this suggests that short-hard bursts release much less energy than the long-duration GRBs. Models requiring young stellar populations, such as magnetars and collapsars, are ruled out, while coalescing degenerate binaries remain the most promising progenitor candidates.
TL;DR: The signal transduction pathways for NF-kappaB activation and redox regulation of NF-kB activation in the cytoplasm and nucleus and translocation into the nucleus are described.
Abstract: Reduction/oxidation (redox) regulation mediates numerous cellular responses and contributes to several physiological diseases. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is known to be a redox-sensitive factor. NF-kappaB plays a central role in immune responses and inflammation, through regulation of the gene expression of a large number of cytokines and other immune response genes. NF-kappaB is trapped in the cytoplasm in stimulated cells and translocates into the nucleus in response to several stimuli, including oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species enhance the signal transduction pathways for NF-kappaB activation in the cytoplasm and translocation into the nucleus. In contrast, the DNA binding activity of oxidized NF-kappaB is significantly diminished, and that activity is restored by reducing enzymes, such as thioredoxin or redox factor 1. This review describes the signal transduction pathways for NF-kappaB activation and redox regulation of NF-kB activation in the cytoplasm and nucleus.
TL;DR: The origin of a recently discovered close-in Neptune-mass planet around GJ-436 poses a challenge to the current theories of planet formation as discussed by the authors, and it is shown that around M dwarfs, closein NE-mass ice giant planets may be relatively common, while closein Jupiter-mass gas giant planets are relatively rare.
Abstract: The origin of a recently discovered close-in Neptune-mass planet around GJ 436 poses a challenge to the current theories of planet formation. On the basis of the sequential accretion hypothesis and the standard theory of gap formation and orbital migration, we show that around M dwarf stars, close-in Neptune-mass ice giant planets may be relatively common, while close-in Jupiter-mass gas giant planets are relatively rare. The mass distribution of close-in planets generally has two peaks at about Neptune mass and Jupiter mass. The lower mass peak takes the maximum frequency for M dwarfs. Around more massive solar-type stars (G dwarfs), the higher mass peak is much more pronounced. Planets around G dwarfs undergo orbital migration after fully accreting gas, while those around M dwarfs tend to migrate before starting rapid gas accretion. Close-in Neptune-mass planets may also exist around G dwarfs, although they tend to be mostly composed of silicates and iron cores and their frequency is expected to be much smaller than that of Neptune-mass planets around M dwarfs and that of gas giants around G dwarfs. We also show that the conditions for planets' migration due to their tidal interaction with the disk and the stellar mass dependence in the disk mass distribution can be calibrated by the mass distribution of short-period planets around host stars with various masses.
TL;DR: Microarray analysis of Arabidopsis genes revealed that an OPDA signaling pathway functions independently of JA/MeJA signaling and is required for the wounding response inArabidopsis.
Abstract: Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), collectively known as JAs, regulate diverse physiological processes in plants, including the response to wounding. Recent reports suggest that a cyclopentenone precursor of JA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), can also induce gene expression. However, little is known about the physiological significance of OPDA-dependent gene expression. We used microarray analysis of approximately 21,500 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes to compare responses to JA, MeJA, and OPDA treatment. Although many genes responded identically to both OPDA and JAs, we identified a set of genes (OPDA-specific response genes [ORGs]) that specifically responded to OPDA but not to JAs. ORGs primarily encoded signaling components, transcription factors, and stress response-related genes. One-half of the ORGs were induced by wounding. Analysis using mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of JAs revealed that OPDA functions as a signaling molecule in the wounding response. Unlike signaling via JAs, OPDA signaling was CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 independent. These results indicate that an OPDA signaling pathway functions independently of JA/MeJA signaling and is required for the wounding response in Arabidopsis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the carrier transport properties in amorphous oxide semiconductor InGaZnO 4 (a-IGZO) thin films using temperature dependence of Hall measurements and found that Hall mobility increased distinctly as carrier concentration increased.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new analytical technique for precise and accurate in situ Hf isotope ratio measurements for zircons by means of laser ablation-multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS).
TL;DR: Single-spin asymmetries for semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions in deep-inelastic scattering of positrons are measured for the first time with transverse target polarization, and the Sivers asymmetry may be affected by exclusive vector meson production.
Abstract: Single-spin asymmetries for semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions in deep-inelastic scattering of positrons are measured for the first time with transverse target polarization. The asymmetry depends on the azimuthal angles of both the pion ($\ensuremath{\phi}$) and the target spin axis (${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{S}$) about the virtual-photon direction and relative to the lepton scattering plane. The extracted Fourier component $\mathbf{⟨}\mathrm{sin} (\ensuremath{\phi}+{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{S}){\mathbf{⟩}}_{UT}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ is a signal of the previously unmeasured quark transversity distribution, in conjunction with the Collins fragmentation function, also unknown. The component $\mathbf{⟨}\mathrm{sin} (\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{S}{\mathbf{⟩}}_{UT}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ arises from a correlation between the transverse polarization of the target nucleon and the intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks, as represented by the previously unmeasured Sivers distribution function. Evidence for both signals is observed, but the Sivers asymmetry may be affected by exclusive vector meson production.
TL;DR: In this article, the first measurements of magnetization hysteresis loops on a diluted single crystal of (Pc)2Ho]-·TBA+ in the sub-kelvin temperature range are reported.
Abstract: The first measurements of magnetization hysteresis loops on a diluted single crystal of [(Pc)2Ho]-·TBA+ (Pc = phthalocyaninato, TBA = tetrabutylammonium) in the subkelvin temperature range are reported. Characteristic staircase-like structure was observed, indicating the occurrence of the quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM), which is a characteristic feature of SMMs. The quantum process in the new lanthanide SMMs is due to resonant quantum tunneling between entangled states of the electronic and nuclear spin systems, which is an essentially different mechanism from those of the known transition-metal-cluster SMMs. Evidence of the two-body quantum process was also observed for the first time in lanthanide complex systems.
Kobe University1, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan2, San Francisco State University3, Vanderbilt University4, Tennessee State University5, University of California, Santa Cruz6, Carnegie Institution for Science7, University of California, Berkeley8, Tokyo Institute of Technology9, Space Telescope Science Institute10, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile11
TL;DR: The second-brightest star with a transiting extrasolar planet is HD 149026 as mentioned in this paper, which has a mass of 1.3 ± 0.1 m s.
Abstract: Doppler measurements from Subaru and Keck have revealed radial velocity variations in the V = 8.15, G0 IV star HD 149026 consistent with a Saturn-mass planet in a 2.8766 day orbit. Photometric observations at Fairborn Observatory have detected three complete transit events with depths of 0.003 mag at the predicted times of conjunction. HD 149026 is now the second-brightest star with a transiting extrasolar planet. The mass of the star, based on interpolation of stellar evolutionary models, is 1.3 ± 0.1 M_☉; together with the Doppler amplitude K_1 = 43.3 m s^(-1), we derive a planet mass M sin i = 0.36M_J and orbital radius 0.042 AU. HD 149026 is chromospherically inactive and metal-rich with spectroscopically derived [Fe/H] = +0.36, T_(eff) = 6147 K, log g = 4.26, and v sin i = 6.0 km s^(-1). Based on T_(eff) and the stellar luminosity of 2.72 L_☉, we derive a stellar radius of 1.45 R_☉. Modeling of the three photometric transits provides an orbital inclination of 85o.3 ± 1o.0 and (including the uncertainty in the stellar radius) a planet radius of (0.725 ± 0.05)R_J. Models for this planet mass and radius suggest the presence of a ~67 M_⊕ core composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. This substantial planet core would be difficult to construct by gravitational instability.
TL;DR: Oct-3/4 is a member of the gene family regulated by Oct- 3/4 and Sox2, as reported before for the FGF-4, UTF1, Sox 2, and Fbx15 genes, which comprise a regulatory complex that controls the expression of genes important for the maintenance of the primitive state, including themselves.
25 Jun 2005
TL;DR: The mean field approximation is used to compute the approximate probability function of the system instead of the intractable actual probability function, and a criterion for parameter selection on the basis of magnetization is proposed.
Abstract: We propose a method for extracting semantic orientations of words: desirable or undesirable. Regarding semantic orientations as spins of electrons, we use the mean field approximation to compute the approximate probability function of the system instead of the intractable actual probability function. We also propose a criterion for parameter selection on the basis of magnetization. Given only a small number of seed words, the proposed method extracts semantic orientations with high accuracy in the experiments on English lexicon. The result is comparable to the best value ever reported.
TL;DR: In this paper, Titania-supported cobalt and nickel bimetallic catalysts were investigated for CO2 reforming of methane to synthesis gas at 1023 K under ambient pressure.
TL;DR: A strong convergence theorem for relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space is proved by using the hybrid method in mathematical programming.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MreB is the direct target of the small molecule A22, and it is shown that A22 completely blocks the movement of newly replicated loci near the origin of replication but has no qualitative or quantitative effect on the segregation of other loci if added after origin segregation.
TL;DR: The Tangent of Hyperbola for Interface Capture (THINC) as mentioned in this paper is a simple and practical scheme for capturing moving interfaces or free boundaries in multi-fluid simulations.
Abstract: This paper presents a simple and practical scheme for capturing moving interfaces or free boundaries in multi-fluid simulations. The scheme, which is called THINC (tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing), makes use of the hyperbolic tangent function to compute the numerical flux for the fluid fraction function, and gives a conservative, oscillation-less and smearing-less solution to the fluid fraction function even for the extremely distorted interfaces of arbitrary complexity. The numerical results from the THINC scheme possess adequate quality for practical applications, which make the extra geometric reconstruction, such as those in most of the volume of fluid (VOF) methods unnecessary. Thus the scheme is quite simple. The numerical tests show that the THINC scheme has competitive accuracy compared to most exiting methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: The removal of three estrogens such as 17beta-estradiol, two endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A, and 10 pharmaceutical substances like ibuprofen by activated sludge was experimentally examined and the contribution of adsorption and degradation to the overall removal was estimated separately and successfully.