Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

About: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais is a education organization based out in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 41631 authors who have published 75688 publications receiving 1249905 citations.

Oil and fat in broiler nutrition

Abstract: The terms "fat" and "oil" refer to triglycerides of several profiles of fatty acids. Fatty acids that are not bound to other organic components as glycerol are the so-called free fatty acids. Lipids constitute the main energetic source for animals and they have the highest caloric value among all the nutrients. Linoleic acid is the only fatty acid whose dietetic requirement has been demonstrated. Besides supplying energy, the addition of fat to animal diets improves the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, decreases pulverulence, increases diet palatability, and the efficiency of utilization of the consumed energy. Furthermore, it reduces the rate of food passage through the gastrointestinal tract, which allows a better absorption of all nutrients present in the diet. The energetic value of oils and fats depend on the following: the length of the carbonic chain, the number of double bonds, the presence or absence of ester bonds (triglycerides or free fatty acids), the specific arrangements of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on the glycerol backbone, the composition of the free fatty acid, the composition of the diet, the quantity and the type of the triglycerides supplemented in the diet, the intestinal flora, the sex and the age of the birds. In birds, body fat composition is similar to the composition of the fat from the diet. The apparent digestibility of unsaturated fats is high in the first days of life of birds, whereas apparent digestibility of saturated fats is low. The quantity of oils or fats is assessed by the following methods: titration, moisture, impurities, unsaponifiable, saponification value, percentage of fat, percentage of free fatty acids/acidity and the profile of fatty acids. The methods initial peroxide value, active oxygen method, osi, iodine value, and analysis of the thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) are specific to evaluate the oxidative stability. Considering diets with the same nutritive values, birds fed with rations containing oil present better performance than birds fed no oil. Moreover, the use of oil or fat in diets for broilers may change both the composition and the quality of the carcass.

Contribuição dos domínios físico, social, psicológico e ambiental para a qualidade de vida global de idosos

Abstract: Este estudo investigou a contribuicao de cada dominio da qualidade de vida (fisico, social, psicologico e ambiental) na qualidade de vida global e em que extensao esses dominios explicam a qualidade de vida global de idosos residentes no municipio de Teixeiras, na Regiao Sudeste do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo observacional de corte transversal, sendo a amostragem aleatoria estratificada por sexo, uso do Programa Saude da Familia e microarea de saude (n = 211, individuos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos), representando 14,28% do total de idosos do municipio em estudo. O instrumento utilizado foi o Word Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Bref (WHOQOL-Bref), proposto pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude, aplicado por um unico entrevistador, devidamente treinado. As analises de regressao linear mostraram que nenhuma das variaveis sociodemograficas interferiu significativamente no dominio global da qualidade de vida, e, entre os quatro dominios, o que mais explicou a qualidade de vida global foi o fisico, seguido do ambiental e do psicologico. O dominio social nao mostrou contribuicao significativa na qualidade de vida global. As possiveis explicacoes para os resultados encontrados foram discutidas.