University of Adelaide

About: University of Adelaide is a education organization based out in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Pregnancy. The organization has 27251 authors who have published 79167 publications receiving 2671128 citations. The organization is also known as: The University of Adelaide & Adelaide University.

Small catalytic RNAs.

Abstract: PERSPECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 ROLLING CIRCLE REPLICATION REQUIRES SPECIFIC RNA CLEAVAGE . . . . . . . 643 SELF-CLEAVAGE OF RNA VIA THE HAMMERHEAD STRUCTURE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 Double Hammerhead Structure .... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .... . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . 645 Hammerhead Self-Cleavage in Trans . . .... . . . .. .... . . . ....... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . 647 Mutagenesis A nalysis oj the Hammerhead Reaction . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . ..... . 649 What is the Tertiary Structure of the Hammerhead? . ... .. . . . .... .. . . . .. ..... . . .. .... . . . . . 651 What is the Mechanism of Self-Cleavage? . . .... . . . .. ... . . . .... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .... . .. . ..... . 652 Ribozymes Targetting RNA Molecules . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .... 655 Hammerhead Ribozymes to Manipulate Gene Expression ... . . . . ....... . . . . .. ... . . . . . .... 656 MINUS sTRSV SELF-CLEAVES VIA A DIFFERENT MECHANISM THAN PLUS sTRSV ... . . . ...... . . . . ..... . . . . .... . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .... . . . . ...... . . ...... . 659 Self-Cleavage of Minus sTRSV . . . . . . . . . . ....... . .. .... . . . .... . . . . ....... . . . . . . ... . . ..... . . . . . . . 660 Self-Cleavage in Trans and Mutagenesis.. . . ..... . . . . . . .... . . ...... . . . . .... .. . . . . .... . . . . . ... 661 HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS PLUS AND MINUS RNAs SELF-CLEAVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 RNAs FROM NEUROSPORA MITOCHONDRIAL PLASMIDS SELF-CLEAVE. . . . . . . 665 HOW COMMON ARE SELF-CLEAVAGE REACTIONS IN NATURE?. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 665 Lead-Catalyzed Cleavage of Yeast Phe-tRNA . . . ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . 666 A Simple Mn2+ -Catalyzed Reaction . . . .... . . . .... . . . . .... . .. . . . . . . . ....... . . . ...... . ......... . 666 Are in Trans Cleavage Reactions Common in Vivo? .... . ... . .. . . . . . . ... . . . ...... . . . ...... 667

Ecological criteria for evaluating candidate sites for marine reserves

Abstract: Several schemes have been developed to help select the locations of marine reserves. All of them combine social, economic, and biological criteria, and few offer any guidance as to how to prioritize among the criteria identified. This can imply that the relative weights given to different criteria are unimportant. Where two sites are of equal value ecologically; then socioeconomic criteria should dominate the choice of which should be protected. However, in many cases, socioeconomic criteria are given equal or greater weight than ecological considerations in the choice of sites. This can lead to selection of reserves with little biological value that fail to meet many of the desired objectives. To avoid such a possibility, we develop a series of criteria that allow preliminary evaluation of candidate sites according to their relative biological values in advance of the application of socioeconomic criteria. We include criteria that,. while not strictly biological, have a strong influence on the species present or ecological processes. Out scheme enables sites to be assessed according to their biodiversity, the processes which underpin that diversity, and the processes that support fisheries and provide a spectrum of other services important to people. Criteria that capture biodiversity values include biogeographic representation, habitat representation and heterogeneity, and presence of species or populations of special interest (e.g., threatened species). Criteria that capture sustainability of biodiversity and fishery values include the size of reserves necessary to protect viable habitats, presence of exploitable species, vulnerable life stages, connectivity among reserves, links among ecosystems, and provision of ecosystem services to people. Criteria measuring human and natural threats enable candidate sites to be eliminated from consideration if risks are too great, but also help prioritize among sites where threats can be mitigated by protection. While our criteria can be applied to the design of reserve networks, they also enable choice of single reserves to be made in the context of the attributes of existing protected areas. The overall goal of our scheme is to promote the development of reserve networks that will maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning at large scales. The values of eco-system goods and services for people ultimately depend on meeting this objective.

Population Properties of Compact Objects from the Second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog

Abstract: We report on the population of 47 compact binary mergers detected with a false-alarm rate of 0.01 are dynamically assembled. Third, we estimate merger rates, finding RBBH = 23.9-+8.614.3 Gpc-3 yr-1 for BBHs and RBNS = 320-+240490 Gpc-3 yr-1 for binary neutron stars. We find that the BBH rate likely increases with redshift (85% credibility) but not faster than the star formation rate (86% credibility). Additionally, we examine recent exceptional events in the context of our population models, finding that the asymmetric masses of GW190412 and the high component masses of GW190521 are consistent with our models, but the low secondary mass of GW190814 makes it an outlier.

International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia (ICFSR): Screening, Diagnosis and Management

Abstract: Sarcopenia, defined as an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle function and muscle mass, occurs in approximately 6 - 22 % of older adults. This paper presents evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for screening, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia from the task force of the International Conference on Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ICSFR). To develop the guidelines, we drew upon the best available evidence from two systematic reviews paired with consensus statements by international working groups on sarcopenia. Eight topics were selected for the recommendations: (i) defining sarcopenia; (ii) screening and diagnosis; (iii) physical activity prescription; (iv) protein supplementation; (v) vitamin D supplementation; (vi) anabolic hormone prescription; (vii) medications under development; and (viii) research. The ICSFR task force evaluated the evidence behind each topic including the quality of evidence, the benefitharm balance of treatment, patient preferences/values, and cost-effectiveness. Recommendations were graded as either strong or conditional (weak) as per the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Consensus was achieved via one face-to-face workshop and a modified Delphi process. We make a conditional recommendation for the use of an internationally accepted measurement tool for the diagnosis of sarcopenia including the EWGSOP and FNIH definitions, and advocate for rapid screening using gait speed or the SARC-F. To treat sarcopenia, we strongly recommend the prescription of resistance-based physical activity, and conditionally recommend protein supplementation/a protein-rich diet. No recommendation is given for Vitamin D supplementation or for anabolic hormone prescription. There is a lack of robust evidence to assess the strength of other treatment options.