University of Malaya

About: University of Malaya is a education organization based out in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Fiber laser. The organization has 25087 authors who have published 51491 publications receiving 1036791 citations. The organization is also known as: UM & Universiti Malaya.

Flexible Graphene-Based Supercapacitors: A Review

Abstract: The recent rapid growth in graphene-based supercapacitors has reached the point where there is a need for solid-state devices with physical flexibility, which will be a crucial advantage in modern electronic devices. Herein, we summarize recent developments toward an all solid-state graphene-based flexible supercapacitor. The routes to produce graphene-based electrode materials, along with the typical fabrication techniques for flexible devices, are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the structural morphology of the electrode materials is closely related to the electrochemical performance, and the influence of the electrode components on the mechanical flexibility of the fabricated devices is examined. Lastly, a summary of the overall electrochemical properties and current development of the reported devices is presented progressively to predict the future trends toward the realization of an ultimate-performance graphene-based flexible supercapacitor.

Second generation bioethanol production: A critical review

Abstract: It is a popular fact that the world's dependency on fossil fuel has caused unfavourable effects, including lessening crude oil reserve, decreasing air quality, rising global temperature, unpredictable weather change, and so on. As the effort to promote sustainability and independency from fossil fuel, bioethanol is now favoured as the blend or fossil petrol substitute. However, the feedstock functionality of first generation bioethanol production is restricted due to its edibleness since it would clash the feeding purpose. Second generation bioethanol production fulfils the impractical gap of first generation since it employs non-edible feedstock sourced from agriculture and forestry wastes. Lignocellulosic and starchy materials in them are convertible to fermentable sugars that are able to be further processed, resulting anhydrous bioethanol as the end product. This paper critically reviews the existing variance of second generation bioethanol production methodologies, namely pre-treatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation, as well as the worth of second generation production for future reference. The discussions in this paper are also fit as the fundamental for feasible planning of second generation bioethanol production plant.