University of North Carolina at Charlotte

About: University of North Carolina at Charlotte is a education organization based out in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8772 authors who have published 22239 publications receiving 562529 citations. The organization is also known as: UNC Charlotte & UNCC.

On Mobile Edge Caching

Abstract: With the widespread adoption of various mobile applications, the amount of traffic in wireless networks is growing at an exponential rate, which exerts a great burden on mobile core networks and backhaul links. Mobile edge caching, which enables mobile edges with cache storages, is a promising solution to alleviate this problem. In this paper, we aim to review the state-of-the-art of mobile edge caching. We first present an overview of mobile edge caching and its advantages. We then discuss the locations where mobile edge caching can be realized in the network. We also analyze different caching criteria and their respective effects on the caching performances. Moreover, we compare several caching schemes and discuss their pros and cons. We further present a detailed and in-depth discussion on the caching process, which can be delineated into four phases including content request, exploration, delivery, and update. For each phase, we identify different issues and review related works in addressing these issues. Finally, we present a number of challenges faced by current mobile edge caching architectures and techniques for further studies.

Learning Binary Codes for Maximum Inner Product Search

Abstract: Binary coding or hashing techniques are recognized to accomplish efficient near neighbor search, and have thus attracted broad interests in the recent vision and learning studies. However, such studies have rarely been dedicated to Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS), which plays a critical role in various vision applications. In this paper, we investigate learning binary codes to exclusively handle the MIPS problem. Inspired by the latest advance in asymmetric hashing schemes, we propose an asymmetric binary code learning framework based on inner product fitting. Specifically, two sets of coding functions are learned such that the inner products between their generated binary codes can reveal the inner products between original data vectors. We also propose an alternative simpler objective which maximizes the correlations between the inner products of the produced binary codes and raw data vectors. In both objectives, the binary codes and coding functions are simultaneously learned without continuous relaxations, which is the key to achieving high-quality binary codes. We evaluate the proposed method, dubbed Asymmetric Inner-product Binary Coding (AIBC), relying on the two objectives on several large-scale image datasets. Both of them are superior to the state-of-the-art binary coding and hashing methods in performing MIPS tasks.

The State of the Art in Integrating Machine Learning into Visual Analytics

Abstract: Visual analytics systems combine machine learning or other analytic techniques with interactive data visualization to promote sensemaking and analytical reasoning. It is through such techniques that people can make sense of large, complex data. While progress has been made, the tactful combination of machine learning and data visualization is still under-explored. This state-of-the-art report presents a summary of the progress that has been made by highlighting and synthesizing select research advances. Further, it presents opportunities and challenges to enhance the synergy between machine learning and visual analytics for impactful future research directions.

Using Technology to Motivate Students to Learn Social Studies

Abstract: Many teachers struggle with motivating students to learn. This is especially prevalent in social studies classrooms in which students perceive social studies as boring (Schug, Todd, & Berry, 1984; Shaughnessy & Haladyana, 1985). This article advocates the use of technology in social studies as a means to motivate students by engaging students in the learning process with the use of a familiar instructional tool that improves students’ selfefficacy and self-worth. The potential that technology has to motivate students is discussed as it relates to expectancy-value model of motivation which focuses three areas of motivational theory (Pintrich & Schunk, 1996): value (students’ beliefs about the importance or value of a task), expectancy (students’ beliefs about their ability or skill to perform the task), and affective (emotional reactio ns to the task and self-worth evaluation). Recently, during fieldwork, the author was observing in a high school government class. The social studies concepts discussed in the lesson were political parties, the role of campaigning, and the impact of media on citizens’ decisions. The teacher integrated a variety of traditional and constructivist instructional methods. She incorporated a brief lecture, questioning strategies to discuss readings, graphic organizers, and video clips of recent election campaign commercials. Despite her efforts to engage students, the class was chaotic. What follows is an excerpt from the author’s field notes describing the complexities of the classroom environment. Twenty -five students are seated in pods of four. One girl in the back is putting on eyeliner and eye shadow. She frequently chats with two boys seated at her table. She proceeds to mash zits. Two girls and one boy socialize in the back of the class. They are more concerned about the social complexities of the school rather than listening. However, periodically one will shout out a correct answer without interrupting the flow of the social conversation. One girl, sitting in the back of the class, totally isolates herself and has no verbal or nonverbal communication with her peers or the teacher. A quiet boy and two girls sit at a table located in the front of the class. They do not share comments and appear to be intimidated by their peers.

The Public Health Significance of Viable but Nonculturable Bacteria

Abstract: A bacterium in the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state is defined here as a cell which fails to grow on the routine bacteriological media on which it would normally grow and develop into a colony, but which is in fact alive and capable of metabolic activity. The term “nonculturable” seems to be a misnomer as, under the proper conditions, it appears that these cells are able to “resuscitate” to the metabolically active and culturable state (this point, along with a brief discussion on why cells enter this state of dormancy, is presented later in this chapter). In this review, the discussion of cells entering the VBNC state is limited to those cells which respond to a natural environmental stress (e.g., a temperature downshift) in such a manner. Thus, this review does not include a discussion of the detrimental effects of such agents as antibiotics, chlorine, heavy metals, or other chemicals to which cells may be exposed and which may result in cell injury or death (this area is reviewed in chapter 15). Similarly, this review does not describe cells that are most correctly termed “nonculturable,” e.g., those animal symbionts which have never been cultured in the laboratory. Such cells are described in chapter 5. Instead, this chapter is limited to a discussion of human bacterial pathogens which are known to enter the VBNC state. Finally, I have for the most part selected to review only those studies which have employed such methods as the “direct viable count” originally described by Kogure et al. (38), p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT) reduction (86), or 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) hydrolysis (64) to demonstrate viability in cells no longer culturable. These methods have been described in an earlier review on the VBNC state (49), as well as in other chapters of this monograph. Despite these restrictions, bacterial cells from at least 16 different genera, mostly but not exclusively gram negative, comprising over 30 different species, have now been reported to enter the VBNC state (50).