Institution
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Nonprofit•Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States•
About: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is a nonprofit organization based out in Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Mantle (geology). The organization has 5685 authors who have published 18396 publications receiving 1202050 citations. The organization is also known as: WHOI.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The images show that distinct water masses can be mapped, and their internal structure imaged, using low-frequency acoustic reflections from sound speed contrasts at interfaces across which temperature changes, implying that marine seismic reflection techniques can provide excellent spatial resolution of important oceanic phenomena.
Abstract: We present acoustic images of oceanic thermohaline structure created from marine seismic reflection profiles across the major oceanographic front between the Labrador Current and the North Atlantic Current. The images show that distinct water masses can be mapped, and their internal structure imaged, using low-frequency acoustic reflections from sound speed contrasts at interfaces across which temperature changes. The warm/cold front is characterized by east-dipping reflections generated by thermohaline intrusions in the uppermost 1000 meters of the ocean. Our results imply that marine seismic reflection techniques can provide excellent spatial resolution of important oceanic phenomena, including thermohaline intrusions, internal waves, and eddies.
239 citations
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239 citations
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TL;DR: The fractionation of stable carbon isotopes by marine phytoplankton cultures growing under defined environmental conditions has been determined as discussed by the authors, showing that an increase in temperature from 10° to 30°C causes a lowering of the difference between cells and HCO3− of ∼0·35% per deg C when air (0·03 % CO2) is bubbled through the growing culture.
239 citations
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TL;DR: A survey of Antarctic waters along the East Scotia Ridge in the Southern Ocean reveals a new vent biogeographic province among previously uncharacterized deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities.
Abstract: Since the first discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Galapagos Rift in 1977, numerous vent sites and endemic faunal assemblages have been found along mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins at low to mid latitudes. These discoveries have suggested the existence of separate biogeographic provinces in the Atlantic and the North West Pacific, the existence of a province including the South West Pacific and Indian Ocean, and a separation of the North East Pacific, North East Pacific Rise, and South East Pacific Rise. The Southern Ocean is known to be a region of high deep-sea species diversity and centre of origin for the global deep-sea fauna. It has also been proposed as a gateway connecting hydrothermal vents in different oceans but is little explored because of extreme conditions. Since 2009 we have explored two segments of the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Southern Ocean using a remotely operated vehicle. In each segment we located deep-sea hydrothermal vents hosting high-temperature black smokers up to 382.8uC and diffuse venting. The chemosynthetic ecosystems hosted by these vents are dominated by a new yeti crab (Kiwa n. sp.), stalked barnacles, limpets, peltospiroid gastropods, anemones, and a predatory sea star. Taxa abundant in vent ecosystems in other oceans, including polychaete worms (Siboglinidae), bathymodiolid mussels, and alvinocaridid shrimps, are absent from the ESR vents. These groups, except the Siboglinidae, possess planktotrophic larvae, rare in Antarctic marine invertebrates, suggesting that the environmental conditions of the Southern Ocean may act as a dispersal filter for vent taxa. Evidence from the distinctive fauna, the unique community structure, and multivariate analyses suggest that the Antarctic vent ecosystems represent a new vent biogeographic province. However, multivariate analyses of species present at the ESR and at other deep-sea hydrothermal vents globally indicate that vent biogeography is more complex than previously recognised.
239 citations
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University of California, Santa Barbara1, University of Southampton2, University of Michigan3, Texas A&M University4, Shizuoka University5, Niigata University6, University of California, Davis7, University of Tsukuba8, University of Leicester9, École Normale Supérieure10, Oregon State University11, Centre national de la recherche scientifique12, University of Genoa13, Florida International University14, University of Milan15, University of Houston16, Leibniz Association17, Williams College18, Duke University19, University of Hawaii at Manoa20, Tohoku University21, University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)22, Florida State University23, Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources24, University of Utah25, Aix-Marseille University26, University of Nevada, Las Vegas27, University of Cambridge28, University of Leeds29, Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute30, University of Tokyo31, Science Museum, London32, Macquarie University33, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology34, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution35, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute36, Hokkaido University37, Boston University38
TL;DR: The depth at which gabbro was reached confirms predictions extrapolated from seismic experiments at modern mid-ocean ridges: Melt lenses occur at shallower depths at faster spreading rates.
Abstract: Sampling an intact sequence of oceanic crust through lavas, dikes, and gabbros is necessary to advance the understanding of the formation and evolution of crust formed at mid-ocean ridges, but it has been an elusive goal of scientific ocean drilling for decades. Recent drilling in the eastern Pacific Ocean in Hole 1256D reached gabbro within seismic layer 2, 1157 meters into crust formed at a superfast spreading rate. The gabbros are the crystallized melt lenses that formed beneath a mid-ocean ridge. The depth at which gabbro was reached confirms predictions extrapolated from seismic experiments at modern mid-ocean ridges: Melt lenses occur at shallower depths at faster spreading rates. The gabbros intrude metamorphosed sheeted dikes and have compositions similar to the overlying lavas, precluding formation of the cumulate lower oceanic crust from melt lenses so far penetrated by Hole 1256D.
239 citations
Authors
Showing all 5752 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Roberto Romero | 151 | 1516 | 108321 |
Jerry M. Melillo | 134 | 383 | 68894 |
Timothy J. Mitchison | 133 | 404 | 66418 |
Xiaoou Tang | 132 | 553 | 94555 |
Jillian F. Banfield | 127 | 562 | 60687 |
Matthew Jones | 125 | 1161 | 96909 |
Rodolfo R. Llinás | 120 | 386 | 52828 |
Ronald D. Vale | 117 | 342 | 49020 |
Scott C. Doney | 111 | 406 | 59218 |
Alan G. Marshall | 107 | 1060 | 46904 |
Peter K. Smith | 107 | 855 | 49174 |
Donald E. Canfield | 105 | 298 | 43270 |
Edward F. DeLong | 102 | 262 | 42794 |
Eric A. Davidson | 101 | 281 | 45511 |
Gary G. Borisy | 101 | 248 | 38195 |