Journal ArticleDOI
Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
Jens Boch,Heidi Scholze,Sebastian Schornack,Angelika Landgraf,Simone Hahn,Sabine Kay,Thomas Lahaye,Anja Nickstadt,Ulla Bonas +8 more
TLDR
The functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain is described and allows the design ofDNA binding domains for biotechnology.Abstract:
The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas are important virulence factors that act as transcriptional activators in the plant cell nucleus, where they directly bind to DNA via a central domain of tandem repeats. Here, we show how target DNA specificity of TAL effectors is encoded. Two hypervariable amino acid residues in each repeat recognize one base pair in the target DNA. Recognition sequences of TAL effectors were predicted and experimentally confirmed. The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of artificial effectors with new specificities. Our study describes the functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain and allows the design of DNA binding domains for biotechnology.read more
Citations
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Genome editing using TALENs in blind Mexican Cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus.
TL;DR: TALENs were designed to target two genes that contain coding changes in cavefish relative to surface fish and map to the same location as QTL for pigmentation, oculocutaneous albinism 2 (oca2) and melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r), and it was found that surface fish genes can be mutated using this method.
Journal ArticleDOI
Methods for studying the zebrafish brain: past, present and future
TL;DR: The past and present techniques which have made, and continue to make, zebrafish an attractive model organism for various fields of biology are highlighted, with a specific focus on neuroscience.
Patent
Cd19 specific chimeric antigen receptor and uses thereof
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for the treatment of B-cells lymphomas and leukemia using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and polynucleotides, vectors encoding said CAR and isolated cells expressing said CAR at their surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome engineering: a new approach to gene therapy for neuromuscular disorders
TL;DR: This Review summarizes the genome engineering strategies that are currently under preclinical evaluation for the treatment of degenerative neuromuscular disorders, with a focus on the molecular tools that show the greatest potential for clinical translation of these therapies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Precise genome-wide base editing by the CRISPR Nickase system in yeast
Atsushi Satomura,Atsushi Satomura,Ryosuke Nishioka,Hitoshi Mori,Kosuke Sato,Kouichi Kuroda,Mitsuyoshi Ueda +6 more
TL;DR: A genome-wide base editing technology, “CRISPR Nickase system” that utilizes a single Cas9 nickase that was free from the limitation of editable bases that was observed in the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and was able to precisely edit bases up to 53 bp from the nicking site.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
TL;DR: A novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate immunity in plants : an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens
Thomas Boller,Sheng Yang He +1 more
TL;DR: It turns out that the important contribution of PTI to disease resistance is masked by pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Jeffrey A. Townsend,David A. Wright,Ronnie J. Winfrey,Fengli Fu,Morgan L. Maeder,J. Keith Joung,Daniel F. Voytas +6 more
TL;DR: High-frequency ZFN-stimulated gene targeting at endogenous plant genes, namely the tobacco acetolactate synthase genes (ALS SuRA and SuRB), for which specific mutations are known to confer resistance to imidazolinone and sulphonylurea herbicides are demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator.
TL;DR: It is shown that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain that provokes developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors.