Journal ArticleDOI
Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
Jens Boch,Heidi Scholze,Sebastian Schornack,Angelika Landgraf,Simone Hahn,Sabine Kay,Thomas Lahaye,Anja Nickstadt,Ulla Bonas +8 more
TLDR
The functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain is described and allows the design ofDNA binding domains for biotechnology.Abstract:
The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas are important virulence factors that act as transcriptional activators in the plant cell nucleus, where they directly bind to DNA via a central domain of tandem repeats. Here, we show how target DNA specificity of TAL effectors is encoded. Two hypervariable amino acid residues in each repeat recognize one base pair in the target DNA. Recognition sequences of TAL effectors were predicted and experimentally confirmed. The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of artificial effectors with new specificities. Our study describes the functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain and allows the design of DNA binding domains for biotechnology.read more
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Genome editing technologies and their applications in crop improvement
Rukmini Mishra,Kaijun Zhao +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that genome editing is an efficient, precise and powerful technology that can accelerate basic and applied research towards crop improvement and the future prospects towards the improvement of agronomic traits in crops are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heritability of targeted gene modifications induced by plant-optimized CRISPR systems
TL;DR: The heritability of gene modifications induced by CRISPR/Cas9 and the factors affecting its efficiency are focused on, and strategies for future design of systems with improved activity and heritability in plants are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Programmable and Highly Resolved In Vitro Detection of 5‐Methylcytosine by TALEs
TL;DR: AnmC-detection assay based on TALE control of DNA replication that displays unexpectedly strong mC-discrimination ability in vitro is reported, indicating the wide scope and robustness of the approach for highly resolved mC detection and enabled the detection of a single mC in a large, eukaryotic genome.
Journal ArticleDOI
A TALE of Transposition: Tn3-Like Transposons Play a Major Role in the Spread of Pathogenicity Determinants of Xanthomonas citri and Other Xanthomonads
Rafael Marini Ferreira,Amanda Prates Oliveira,Leandro Marcio Moreira,José Belasque,Edith Gourbeyre,Patricia Siguier,Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro,Jesus Aparecido Ferro,Michael Chandler,Alessandro M. Varani +9 more
TL;DR: A large fraction of T3SEs, including individual TALEs and potential pathogenicity determinants, have spread by transposition and that TnXax1, which exhibits all of the essential characteristics of a functional transposon, may be involved in driving MIC transposition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic engineering of the Xa10 promoter for broad-spectrum and durable resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
Xuan Zeng,Dongsheng Tian,Keyu Gu,Zhiyun Zhou,Xiaobei Yang,Yanchang Luo,Yanchang Luo,Frank F. White,Zhongchao Yin,Zhongchao Yin +9 more
TL;DR: Disease evaluation demonstrated that the Xa10(E5) gene in either Nipponbare or 9311 genetic backgrounds provided broad-spectrum disease resistance to 27 of the 28 Xoo strains collected from 11 countries.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
TL;DR: A novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate immunity in plants : an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens
Thomas Boller,Sheng Yang He +1 more
TL;DR: It turns out that the important contribution of PTI to disease resistance is masked by pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Jeffrey A. Townsend,David A. Wright,Ronnie J. Winfrey,Fengli Fu,Morgan L. Maeder,J. Keith Joung,Daniel F. Voytas +6 more
TL;DR: High-frequency ZFN-stimulated gene targeting at endogenous plant genes, namely the tobacco acetolactate synthase genes (ALS SuRA and SuRB), for which specific mutations are known to confer resistance to imidazolinone and sulphonylurea herbicides are demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator.
TL;DR: It is shown that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain that provokes developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors.