Journal ArticleDOI
Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
Jens Boch,Heidi Scholze,Sebastian Schornack,Angelika Landgraf,Simone Hahn,Sabine Kay,Thomas Lahaye,Anja Nickstadt,Ulla Bonas +8 more
TLDR
The functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain is described and allows the design ofDNA binding domains for biotechnology.Abstract:
The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas are important virulence factors that act as transcriptional activators in the plant cell nucleus, where they directly bind to DNA via a central domain of tandem repeats. Here, we show how target DNA specificity of TAL effectors is encoded. Two hypervariable amino acid residues in each repeat recognize one base pair in the target DNA. Recognition sequences of TAL effectors were predicted and experimentally confirmed. The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of artificial effectors with new specificities. Our study describes the functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain and allows the design of DNA binding domains for biotechnology.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-wide specificity of DNA binding, gene regulation, and chromatin remodeling by TALE- and CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activators
Lauren R. Polstein,Pablo Perez-Pinera,D. Dewran Kocak,Christopher M. Vockley,Peggy Bledsoe,Lingyun Song,Alexias Safi,Gregory E. Crawford,Timothy E. Reddy,Charles A. Gersbach +9 more
TL;DR: The results show that TALE- and CRISPR-based transcriptional activators are highly specific in both DNA binding and gene regulation and are able to open targeted regions of closed chromatin independent of gene activation.
Patent
Recombinant virus and preparations thereof
TL;DR: The present invention generally relates to methods and compositions used for delivery of gene editing compositions including transcriptional effectors with parvovirus and preferred methods for making same as discussed by the authors...
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-editing technologies and their potential application in horticultural crop breeding.
Jin-Song Xiong,Jing Ding,Yi Li +2 more
TL;DR: The principles of the latest genome-editing technologies are described and discussed and their potential applications in the genetic improvement of horticultural crops are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modern Trends in Plant Genome Editing: An Inclusive Review of the CRISPR/Cas9 Toolbox
Ali Razzaq,Fozia Saleem,Mehak Kanwal,Ghulam Mustafa,Sumaira Yousaf,Hafiz Muhammad Imran Arshad,Muhammad Khalid Hameed,Muhammad Sarwar Khan,Faiz Ahmad Joyia +8 more
TL;DR: The availability of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools for plant biotechnologists to target desired genes and its vast applications in crop breeding research are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transposable elements as genetic regulatory substrates in early development
TL;DR: The diversity of TEs is introduced, how distinct classes are uniquely regulated in development is discussed, and how they appear to have been coopted for the purposes of gene regulation and the orchestration of a number of processes during early embryonic development are described.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
TL;DR: A novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate immunity in plants : an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens
Thomas Boller,Sheng Yang He +1 more
TL;DR: It turns out that the important contribution of PTI to disease resistance is masked by pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Jeffrey A. Townsend,David A. Wright,Ronnie J. Winfrey,Fengli Fu,Morgan L. Maeder,J. Keith Joung,Daniel F. Voytas +6 more
TL;DR: High-frequency ZFN-stimulated gene targeting at endogenous plant genes, namely the tobacco acetolactate synthase genes (ALS SuRA and SuRB), for which specific mutations are known to confer resistance to imidazolinone and sulphonylurea herbicides are demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator.
TL;DR: It is shown that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain that provokes developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors.