Journal ArticleDOI
Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
Jens Boch,Heidi Scholze,Sebastian Schornack,Angelika Landgraf,Simone Hahn,Sabine Kay,Thomas Lahaye,Anja Nickstadt,Ulla Bonas +8 more
TLDR
The functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain is described and allows the design ofDNA binding domains for biotechnology.Abstract:
The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas are important virulence factors that act as transcriptional activators in the plant cell nucleus, where they directly bind to DNA via a central domain of tandem repeats. Here, we show how target DNA specificity of TAL effectors is encoded. Two hypervariable amino acid residues in each repeat recognize one base pair in the target DNA. Recognition sequences of TAL effectors were predicted and experimentally confirmed. The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of artificial effectors with new specificities. Our study describes the functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain and allows the design of DNA binding domains for biotechnology.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Visualization of aging-associated chromatin alterations with an engineered TALE system.
Ruotong Ren,Deng Liping,Yanhong Xue,Keiichiro Suzuki,Weiqi Zhang,Yang Yu,Jun Wu,Liang Sun,Xiaojun Gong,Huiqin Luan,Fan Yang,Zhenyu Ju,Xiaoqing Ren,Si Wang,Hong Tang,Lingling Geng,Weizhou Zhang,Jian Li,Jie Qiao,Tao Xu,Jing Qu,Guang-Hui Liu +21 more
TL;DR: This study establishes a simple and robust imaging method for precisely monitoring chromatin dynamics in vitro and in vivo using thioredoxin-fused TALEs and identified attrition of ribosomal DNA repeats as a molecular marker for human aging.
Journal ArticleDOI
TALE activation of endogenous genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Han Gao,David A. Wright,Ting Li,Yingjun Wang,Kempton M. Horken,Donald P. Weeks,Bing Yang,Martin H. Spalding +7 more
TL;DR: This work demonstrates robust gene-specific activation induced by artificially designed TALEs in the green alga Chlamydomonas and provides insights into the mechanism of TALE induced expression, and confirms the activity of the activation domain of naturally occurring Tales in another organism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perspectives on Systematic Analyses of Gene Function in Arabidopsis thaliana: New Tools, Topics and Trends
TL;DR: This review considers the present status of resources and concepts for systematic studies of gene function in A. thaliana and current perspectives on the utility of loss-of-function and gain- of-function mutants will be discussed in light of the genetic and functional redundancy of many A.Thaliana genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
From perception to activation: the molecular-genetic and biochemical landscape of disease resistance signaling in plants.
Caleb Knepper,Brad Day +1 more
TL;DR: The current understanding of the association between plants and microbial pathogens is discussed, detailing the pressures placed on both host and microbe to either maintain disease resistance, or induce susceptibility and disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Revolution toward Gene-Editing Technology and Its Application to Crop Improvement
Sunny Ahmar,Sumbul Saeed,Muhammad Hafeez Ullah Khan,Shahid Ullah Khan,Freddy Mora-Poblete,Muhammad Kamran,Aroosha Faheem,Ambreen Maqsood,Muhammad Rauf,Saba Saleem,Woo-Jong Hong,Ki-Hong Jung +11 more
TL;DR: How CRISPR/Cas9 systems can play a valuable role in the characterization of the genomic rearrangement and plant gene functions, as well as the improvement of the important traits of field crops with the greatest precision is described.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
TL;DR: A novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate immunity in plants : an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens
Thomas Boller,Sheng Yang He +1 more
TL;DR: It turns out that the important contribution of PTI to disease resistance is masked by pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Jeffrey A. Townsend,David A. Wright,Ronnie J. Winfrey,Fengli Fu,Morgan L. Maeder,J. Keith Joung,Daniel F. Voytas +6 more
TL;DR: High-frequency ZFN-stimulated gene targeting at endogenous plant genes, namely the tobacco acetolactate synthase genes (ALS SuRA and SuRB), for which specific mutations are known to confer resistance to imidazolinone and sulphonylurea herbicides are demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator.
TL;DR: It is shown that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain that provokes developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors.