Journal ArticleDOI
Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
Jens Boch,Heidi Scholze,Sebastian Schornack,Angelika Landgraf,Simone Hahn,Sabine Kay,Thomas Lahaye,Anja Nickstadt,Ulla Bonas +8 more
TLDR
The functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain is described and allows the design ofDNA binding domains for biotechnology.Abstract:
The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas are important virulence factors that act as transcriptional activators in the plant cell nucleus, where they directly bind to DNA via a central domain of tandem repeats. Here, we show how target DNA specificity of TAL effectors is encoded. Two hypervariable amino acid residues in each repeat recognize one base pair in the target DNA. Recognition sequences of TAL effectors were predicted and experimentally confirmed. The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of artificial effectors with new specificities. Our study describes the functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain and allows the design of DNA binding domains for biotechnology.read more
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Modelling IRF8 Deficient Human Hematopoiesis and Dendritic Cell Development with Engineered iPS Cells
Stephanie Sontag,Malrun Förster,Jie Qin,Paul Wanek,Saskia Mitzka,Herdit M. Schüler,Steffen Koschmieder,Stefan Rose-John,Kristin Seré,Martin Zenke +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that IRF8 is dispensable for iPS cell and ES cell differentiation into hemogenic endothelium and for endothelial‐to‐hematopoietic transition, and thus development of hematopoiesis progenitors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome editing approaches: manipulating of lovastatin and taxol synthesis of filamentous fungi by CRISPR/Cas9 system
Ashraf S.A. El-Sayed,Ashraf S.A. El-Sayed,Salah E. Abdel-Ghany,Salah E. Abdel-Ghany,Gul Shad Ali +4 more
TL;DR: This is the first review summarizing the different strategies implemented for fungal genome editing, molecular regulatory mechanisms, and prospective of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 system in metabolic engineering of fungi to improve their yield of lovastatin and taxol to industrial scale.
Patent
Crispr enzyme mutations reducing off-target effects
TL;DR: In this article, the off-target effects of a CRISPR-Cas enzyme and a system or complex containing or including such a mutated or modified Cas enzyme or Cas9 were disclosed and claimed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytoremediation using genetically engineered plants to remove metals: a review
TL;DR: Metal phytoremediation by genetically engineered plants with focus on metal uptake and transport, mechanisms involving phytochelatin and metallothionein proteins, toxicity, plant species, methods of gene transfer and gene editing are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Precision genome editing - a small revolution for glycobiology
Catharina Steentoft,Eric P. Bennett,Katrine T. Schjoldager,Sergey Y. Vakhrushev,Hans H. Wandall,Henrik Clausen +5 more
TL;DR: Novel nuclease-based precision genome editing techniques enabling efficient and stable gene editing, including gene disruption, insertion, repair, modification and deletion are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
TL;DR: A novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate immunity in plants : an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens
Thomas Boller,Sheng Yang He +1 more
TL;DR: It turns out that the important contribution of PTI to disease resistance is masked by pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Jeffrey A. Townsend,David A. Wright,Ronnie J. Winfrey,Fengli Fu,Morgan L. Maeder,J. Keith Joung,Daniel F. Voytas +6 more
TL;DR: High-frequency ZFN-stimulated gene targeting at endogenous plant genes, namely the tobacco acetolactate synthase genes (ALS SuRA and SuRB), for which specific mutations are known to confer resistance to imidazolinone and sulphonylurea herbicides are demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator.
TL;DR: It is shown that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain that provokes developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors.