Journal ArticleDOI
Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
Jens Boch,Heidi Scholze,Sebastian Schornack,Angelika Landgraf,Simone Hahn,Sabine Kay,Thomas Lahaye,Anja Nickstadt,Ulla Bonas +8 more
TLDR
The functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain is described and allows the design ofDNA binding domains for biotechnology.Abstract:
The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas are important virulence factors that act as transcriptional activators in the plant cell nucleus, where they directly bind to DNA via a central domain of tandem repeats. Here, we show how target DNA specificity of TAL effectors is encoded. Two hypervariable amino acid residues in each repeat recognize one base pair in the target DNA. Recognition sequences of TAL effectors were predicted and experimentally confirmed. The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of artificial effectors with new specificities. Our study describes the functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain and allows the design of DNA binding domains for biotechnology.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative analyses of salivary proteins from three aphid species.
Sophie Vandermoten,Nicolas Harmel,Gabriel Mazzucchelli,E. De Pauw,Eric Haubruge,Frédéric Francis +5 more
TL;DR: Comparative analyses revealed variability among aphid salivary proteomes and identified a peroxiredoxin enzyme and an ATP‐binding protein that may be involved in the modulation of plant defences.
Journal ArticleDOI
Highly active zinc finger nucleases by extended modular assembly
Mital S. Bhakta,Isabelle M. Henry,David G. Ousterout,Kumitaa Theva Das,Sarah H. Lockwood,Joshua F. Meckler,Mark C. Wallen,Artem Zykovich,Yawei Yu,Heather Leo,Lifeng Xu,Charles A. Gersbach,David J. Segal +12 more
TL;DR: This first systematic study on the effect of array length on ZFN activity suggests that modular assembly ZFNs are able to target more DNA sequences with higher success rates than other current methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetically modified pigs for biomedical research.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the key technologies used for generating GM pigs, including pronuclear microinjection, sperm-mediated gene transfer, somatic cell nuclear transfer by traditional cloning, and somaticcell nuclear transferBy handmade cloning.
Journal ArticleDOI
TALEN-mediated targeting of HPV oncogenes ameliorates HPV-related cervical malignancy.
Zheng Hu,Wencheng Ding,Da Zhu,Lan Yu,Xiaohui Jiang,Xiaoli Wang,Changlin Zhang,Liming Wang,Teng Ji,Dan Liu,Dan He,Xi Xia,Tao Zhu,Juncheng Wei,Peng Wu,Changyu Wang,Ling Xi,Qinglei Gao,Gang Chen,Rong Liu,Kezhen Li,Shuang Li,Shixuan Wang,Jianfeng Zhou,Ding Ma,Hui Wang +25 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that specifically targeting E6 and E7 within host DNA with transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALens) induces apoptosis, inhibits growth, and reduces tumorigenicity in HPV-positive cell lines, suggesting that TALENs have potential as a therapeutic strategy for HPV infection and related cervical malignancy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
TL;DR: A novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate immunity in plants : an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens
Thomas Boller,Sheng Yang He +1 more
TL;DR: It turns out that the important contribution of PTI to disease resistance is masked by pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Jeffrey A. Townsend,David A. Wright,Ronnie J. Winfrey,Fengli Fu,Morgan L. Maeder,J. Keith Joung,Daniel F. Voytas +6 more
TL;DR: High-frequency ZFN-stimulated gene targeting at endogenous plant genes, namely the tobacco acetolactate synthase genes (ALS SuRA and SuRB), for which specific mutations are known to confer resistance to imidazolinone and sulphonylurea herbicides are demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator.
TL;DR: It is shown that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain that provokes developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors.