Journal ArticleDOI
Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
Jens Boch,Heidi Scholze,Sebastian Schornack,Angelika Landgraf,Simone Hahn,Sabine Kay,Thomas Lahaye,Anja Nickstadt,Ulla Bonas +8 more
TLDR
The functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain is described and allows the design ofDNA binding domains for biotechnology.Abstract:
The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas are important virulence factors that act as transcriptional activators in the plant cell nucleus, where they directly bind to DNA via a central domain of tandem repeats. Here, we show how target DNA specificity of TAL effectors is encoded. Two hypervariable amino acid residues in each repeat recognize one base pair in the target DNA. Recognition sequences of TAL effectors were predicted and experimentally confirmed. The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of artificial effectors with new specificities. Our study describes the functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain and allows the design of DNA binding domains for biotechnology.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Engineering Human Stem Cell Lines with Inducible Gene Knockout using CRISPR/Cas9
Yuejun Chen,Jingyuan Cao,Man Xiong,Andrew J. Petersen,Yi Dong,Yunlong Tao,Cindy Tzu-Ling Huang,Zhongwei Du,Su-Chun Zhang +8 more
TL;DR: This work found that "dual-sgRNA targeting" is essential for biallelic knockin of FRT sequences to flank the exon and developed a strategy to simultaneously insert an activity-controllable recombinase-expressing cassette and remove the drug-resistance gene, thus speeding up the generation of iKO hPSC lines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Targeted genome modification technologies and their applications in crop improvements.
Kunling Chen,Caixia Gao +1 more
TL;DR: Developments in genome-editing tools are reviewed, their applications in crop organisms are summarized, and the ability of these tools to create non-transgenic TGM plants for next-generation crop breeding is highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sugar flux and signaling in plant-microbe interactions.
Margaret Bezrutczyk,Margaret Bezrutczyk,Jungil Yang,Jungil Yang,Joon-Seob Eom,Joon-Seob Eom,Matthew J. Prior,Davide Sosso,Thomas Hartwig,Thomas Hartwig,Boris Szurek,Ricardo Oliva,Casiana M. Vera-Cruz,Frank F. White,Bing Yang,Wolf B. Frommer,Wolf B. Frommer,Wolf B. Frommer +17 more
TL;DR: The roles of SWEET and STP transporters, membrane proteins that mediate transport of sugars across the plasma membrane, are described and the use of genome editing technologies for engineering disease resistance is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient Editing of Malaria Parasite Genome Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System
Cui Zhang,Bo Xiao,Yuanyuan Jiang,Yihua Zhao,Zhenkui Li,Han Gao,Yuan Ling,Jun Wei,Shaoneng Li,Mingke Lu,Xin-zhuan Su,Huiting Cui,Jing Yuan +12 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Cas9 is able to introduce site-specific DNA double-strand breaks in the Plasmodium yoelii genome that can be repaired through homologous recombination, and several efficient approaches based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system achieved high efficiencies in gene deletion, reporter tagging, and allelic replacement in multiple parasite genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular effects of resistance elicitors from biological origin and their potential for crop protection.
Lea Wiesel,Adrian C. Newton,Ian Elliott,David Booty,Eleanor M. Gilroy,Paul R. J. Birch,Ingo Hein +6 more
TL;DR: This review provides an overview of currently known elicitors of biological rather than synthetic origin and places their activity into a molecular context.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
TL;DR: A novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate immunity in plants : an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens
Thomas Boller,Sheng Yang He +1 more
TL;DR: It turns out that the important contribution of PTI to disease resistance is masked by pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Jeffrey A. Townsend,David A. Wright,Ronnie J. Winfrey,Fengli Fu,Morgan L. Maeder,J. Keith Joung,Daniel F. Voytas +6 more
TL;DR: High-frequency ZFN-stimulated gene targeting at endogenous plant genes, namely the tobacco acetolactate synthase genes (ALS SuRA and SuRB), for which specific mutations are known to confer resistance to imidazolinone and sulphonylurea herbicides are demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator.
TL;DR: It is shown that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain that provokes developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors.