Journal ArticleDOI
Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
Jens Boch,Heidi Scholze,Sebastian Schornack,Angelika Landgraf,Simone Hahn,Sabine Kay,Thomas Lahaye,Anja Nickstadt,Ulla Bonas +8 more
TLDR
The functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain is described and allows the design ofDNA binding domains for biotechnology.Abstract:
The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas are important virulence factors that act as transcriptional activators in the plant cell nucleus, where they directly bind to DNA via a central domain of tandem repeats. Here, we show how target DNA specificity of TAL effectors is encoded. Two hypervariable amino acid residues in each repeat recognize one base pair in the target DNA. Recognition sequences of TAL effectors were predicted and experimentally confirmed. The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of artificial effectors with new specificities. Our study describes the functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain and allows the design of DNA binding domains for biotechnology.read more
Citations
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Progress and Prospects of Anti-HBV Gene Therapy Development.
TL;DR: A review of recent developments and progress made in the use of gene therapy against hepatitis B virus has emerged as an attractive alternative that may result in complete clearance of HBV in infected patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
TALENs-mediated gene disruption of myostatin produces a larger phenotype of medaka with an apparently compromised immune system.
Yi An Chiang,Masato Kinoshita,Shun Maekawa,Amod Kulkarni,Chu Fang Lo,Yasutoshi Yoshiura,Han Ching Wang,Takashi Aoki +7 more
TL;DR: Although the MSTN(-/-) medaka had a larger phenotype, their immune system appeared to be at least partially suppressed or undeveloped.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antiviral Agents as Therapeutic Strategies Against Cytomegalovirus Infections.
TL;DR: Developing antiviral agents is promising in this area to obtain fruitful outcomes and to have a great impact on humans for the therapy of CMV infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthetic Promoters and Transcription Factors for Heterologous Protein Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
Fabian Machens,Salma Balazadeh,Bernd Mueller-Roeber,Bernd Mueller-Roeber,Katrin Messerschmidt +4 more
TL;DR: This work has constructed and characterized a set of synTFs based on either transcription activator-like effectors or CRISPR/Cas9, and corresponding small synthetic promoters with minimal sequence identity to the host’s endogenous promoters to make it easier for researchers to construct tailored transcriptional control systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Delivery Approaches for Therapeutic Genome Editing and Challenges.
TL;DR: This review highlights issues associated with delivery of gene-editing tools into clinically relevant cells and elaborate on the challenges and provide practical considerations for improving gene editing.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The plant immune system
TL;DR: A detailed understanding of plant immune function will underpin crop improvement for food, fibre and biofuels production and provide extraordinary insights into molecular recognition, cell biology and evolution across biological kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activation Tagging Identifies a Conserved MYB Regulator of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis
TL;DR: A novel approach for enhancing the accumulation of natural products based on activation tagging by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a T-DNA that carries cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences at its right border is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Innate immunity in plants : an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens
Thomas Boller,Sheng Yang He +1 more
TL;DR: It turns out that the important contribution of PTI to disease resistance is masked by pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress it.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Jeffrey A. Townsend,David A. Wright,Ronnie J. Winfrey,Fengli Fu,Morgan L. Maeder,J. Keith Joung,Daniel F. Voytas +6 more
TL;DR: High-frequency ZFN-stimulated gene targeting at endogenous plant genes, namely the tobacco acetolactate synthase genes (ALS SuRA and SuRB), for which specific mutations are known to confer resistance to imidazolinone and sulphonylurea herbicides are demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator.
TL;DR: It is shown that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain that provokes developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors.