Cosmic rays from the knee to the highest energies
TLDR
In this paper, a review summarizes recent developments in the understanding of high-energy cosmic rays focusing on galactic and presumably extragalactic particles in the energy range from the knee (1015 eV ) up to the highest energies observed ( > 10 20 eV).About:
This article is published in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics.The article was published on 2009-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 300 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cosmic ray.read more
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I and i
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Journal ArticleDOI
LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray
M. P. van Haarlem,Michael W. Wise,Michael W. Wise,A. W. Gunst,George Heald,John McKean,Jason W. T. Hessels,Jason W. T. Hessels,de Antonius Bruyn,de Antonius Bruyn,R. Nijboer,John D. Swinbank,Richard Fallows,Michiel A. Brentjens,A. Nelles,Rainer Beck,Heino Falcke,Heino Falcke,Rob Fender,Jörg R. Hörandel,Luitje Koopmans,G. Mann,George K. Miley,Huub Röttgering,B. W. Stappers,Ralph A. M. J. Wijers,Saleem Zaroubi,M. van den Akker,A. Alexov,J. M. Anderson,Kenneth C. Anderson,A. van Ardenne,A. van Ardenne,Michel Arts,Ashish Asgekar,I. M. Avruch,I. M. Avruch,F. Batejat,L. Bähren,Martin Bell,Michael R. Bell,I. van Bemmel,P. Bennema,Mark J. Bentum,Gianni Bernardi,Philip Best,Laura Birzan,Annalisa Bonafede,Albert-Jan Boonstra,Robert Braun,Joel N. Bregman,F. Breitling,R. H. van de Brink,J. W. Broderick,P. C. Broekema,W. N. Brouw,W. N. Brouw,Marcus Brüggen,Harvey Butcher,Harvey Butcher,W. A. van Cappellen,B. Ciardi,T. Coenen,John Conway,A. H. W. M. Coolen,Arthur Corstanje,S. Damstra,O. Davies,Adam Deller,R. J. Dettmar,G. van Diepen,K. Dijkstra,P. Donker,A. Doorduin,J. Dromer,M. Drost,A. van Duin,Jochen Eislöffel,J. van Enst,Chiara Ferrari,Wilfred Frieswijk,H. Gankema,M. A. Garrett,M. A. Garrett,F. de Gasperin,M. Gerbers,E. de Geus,J.-M. Grießmeier,J.-M. Grießmeier,T. Grit,P. Gruppen,J. P. Hamaker,Tim Hassall,Matthias Hoeft,H. A. Holties,A. Horneffer,A. Horneffer,A. J. van der Horst,A. van Houwelingen,A. Huijgen,Marco Iacobelli,Hubertus Intema,Hubertus Intema,N. J. Jackson,Vibor Jelić,A. de Jong,E. Juette,D. Kant,Aris Karastergiou,A. Koers,H. Kollen,V. I. Kondratiev,E. Kooistra,Y. Koopman,A. Koster,M. Kuniyoshi,Michael Kramer,Michael Kramer,G. Kuper,P. Lambropoulos,Casey J. Law,Casey J. Law,J. van Leeuwen,J. van Leeuwen,J. Lemaitre,M. Loose,P. Maat,Giulia Macario,Sera Markoff,J. Masters,J. Masters,Rebecca McFadden,D. McKay-Bukowski,H. Meijering,H. Meulman,M. Mevius,Enno Middelberg,R. Millenaar,James Miller-Jones,James Miller-Jones,R. N. Mohan,J. D. Mol,J. Morawietz,Raffaella Morganti,Raffaella Morganti,D. D. Mulcahy,E. Mulder,H. Munk,Lambert J.M. Nieuwenhuis,R. van Nieuwpoort,J. E. Noordam,M. J. Norden,A. Noutsos,A. R. Offringa,Hans Olofsson,Amitesh Omar,Emanuela Orrú,Emanuela Orrú,R. Overeem,H. Paas,M. Pandey-Pommier,Vishambhar Pandey,Roberto Pizzo,A. G. Polatidis,D. A. Rafferty,Steve Rawlings,W. Reich,J.-P. de Reijer,J. Reitsma,G.A. Renting,P. Riemers,E. Rol,J. W. Romein,J. Roosjen,M. Ruiter,Anna M. M. Scaife,K. van der Schaaf,Bart Scheers,Bart Scheers,Pim Schellart,A. P. Schoenmakers,G. Schoonderbeek,M. Serylak,M. Serylak,Aleksandar Shulevski,J. Sluman,Oleg Smirnov,Charlotte Sobey,H. Spreeuw,Matthias Steinmetz,C. G. M. Sterks,H.-J. Stiepel,K. Stuurwold,Michel Tagger,Y. Tang,C. Tasse,I. Thomas,Satyendra Thoudam,M. C. Toribio,B. van der Tol,O. Usov,M. van Veelen,A.-J. van der Veen,S. ter Veen,Joris P. W. Verbiest,R. Vermeulen,N. J. Vermaas,C. Vocks,C. Vogt,M. de Vos,E. van der Wal,R. J. van Weeren,R. J. van Weeren,H. Weggemans,Patrick Weltevrede,Simon D. M. White,Stefan J. Wijnholds,T. Wilhelmsson,Olaf Wucknitz,Sarod Yatawatta,Philippe Zarka,Anton Zensus,J. E. van Zwieten +222 more
TL;DR: In dit artikel zullen the authors LOFAR beschrijven: van de astronomische mogelijkheden met de nieuwe telescoop tot aan een nadere technische beshrijving of het instrument.
Book
Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive and richly illustrated textbook on the astrophysics of the interstellar and intergalactic medium is presented, including the gas and dust, as well as the electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, and magnetic and gravitational fields, present between the stars in a galaxy and also between galaxies themselves.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Astrophysics of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays
Kumiko Kotera,Angela V. Olinto +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the main effects of propagation from cosmologically distant sources, including interactions with cosmic background radiation and magnetic fields, are discussed, leading to a survey of candidate sources and their signatures.
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Journal ArticleDOI
I and i
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Journal ArticleDOI
The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC
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TL;DR: The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN as mentioned in this paper was designed to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1)
Journal ArticleDOI
Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements
TL;DR: In this article, solar photospheric and meteoritic CI chondrite abundance determinations for all elements are summarized and the best currently available photosphere abundances are selected, including the meteoritic and solar abundances of a few elements (e.g., noble gases, beryllium, boron, phosphorous, sulfur).
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