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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Current and future treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

TLDR
Current symptomatic treatments and new potential disease-modifying therapies for AD that are currently being studied in phase I–III trials are discussed.
Abstract
Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is increasingly being recognized as one of the most important medical and social problems in older people in industrialized and non-industrialized nations. To date, only symptomatic treatments exist for this disease, all trying to counterbalance the neurotransmitter disturbance. Three cholinesterase inhibitors (CIs) are currently available and have been approved for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. A further therapeutic option available for moderate to severe AD is memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor noncompetitive antagonist. Treatments capable of stopping or at least effectively modifying the course of AD, referred to as ‘disease-modifying’ drugs, are still under extensive research. To block the progression of the disease they have to interfere with the pathogenic steps responsible for the clinical symptoms, including the deposition of extracellular amyloid β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation, inflammation, oxidative damage, iron deregulati...

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Journal ArticleDOI

Apelin–13 protects against memory impairment and neuronal loss, Induced by Scopolamine in male rats

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that apelin–13 can protect against passive avoidance memory deficiency, and neuronal loss, induced by scopolamine in male rats, and its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases is confirmed.
Book ChapterDOI

Acetylcholine

Proceedings ArticleDOI

Alzheimer Screening using Drawing Test Scores

TL;DR: The purpose of this research is to develop an application for a clock drawing test which is often seen as a part of the Alzheimer’s screening tests such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT).
Journal ArticleDOI

Intranasal applications in Alzheimer's treatment

TL;DR: In this review, intranasal drug administration for the treatment of AD and the effects of insulin, erythropoietin, exosome, mesenchymal stem cells, and rifampicin administered by this route on AD will be discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The Cholinergic Hypothesis of Geriatric Memory Dysfunction

TL;DR: Biochemical, electrophysiological, and pharmacological evidence supporting a role for cholinergic dysfunction in age-related memory disturbances is critically reviewed and an attempt has been made to identify pseudoissues, resolve certain controversies, and clarify misconceptions that have occurred in the literature.
Journal ArticleDOI

Statins and the risk of dementia.

TL;DR: Individuals of 50 years and older who were prescribed statins had a substantially lowered risk of developing dementia, independent of the presence or absence of untreated hyperlipidaemia, or exposure to nonstatin LLAs.
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