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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Current and future treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

TLDR
Current symptomatic treatments and new potential disease-modifying therapies for AD that are currently being studied in phase I–III trials are discussed.
Abstract
Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is increasingly being recognized as one of the most important medical and social problems in older people in industrialized and non-industrialized nations. To date, only symptomatic treatments exist for this disease, all trying to counterbalance the neurotransmitter disturbance. Three cholinesterase inhibitors (CIs) are currently available and have been approved for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. A further therapeutic option available for moderate to severe AD is memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor noncompetitive antagonist. Treatments capable of stopping or at least effectively modifying the course of AD, referred to as ‘disease-modifying’ drugs, are still under extensive research. To block the progression of the disease they have to interfere with the pathogenic steps responsible for the clinical symptoms, including the deposition of extracellular amyloid β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation, inflammation, oxidative damage, iron deregulati...

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Journal ArticleDOI

Current and Future Treatments in Alzheimer Disease: An Update.

TL;DR: A review of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer disease can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss potential disease modifying therapies that are currently being studied and potential individualized therapeutic frameworks that can be proved beneficial for patients with AD.
Journal ArticleDOI

Design and synthesis of curcumin analogues for in vivo fluorescence imaging and inhibiting copper-induced cross-linking of amyloid beta species in Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: Curcumin-based near-infrared fluorescence imaging probes for detecting both soluble and insoluble amyloid beta (Aβ) species and then an inhibitor that could attenuate cross-linking of Aβ induced by copper are designed and synthesized.
Journal ArticleDOI

The multiplex model of the genetics of Alzheimer’s disease

TL;DR: The multiplex model reflects the combination of some, or all, of these model components (genetic and environmental), in a tissue-specific manner, to trigger or sustain a disease cascade, which ultimately results in the cell and synaptic loss observed in AD.
Journal ArticleDOI

Monoaminergic neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: Special emphasis is given to the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and noradrenergic LC, among the first to be affected by tau protein abnormalities in the course of sporadic AD, causing behavioral and cognitive symptoms of variable severity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Perispinal etanercept: Potential as an Alzheimer therapeutic

TL;DR: A six-month study was conducted with 15 probable-Alzheimer patients who were treated weekly with perispinal injection of Etanercept, an FDA-approved TNF inhibitor that is now widely used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic diseases associated with inflammation, and demonstrated thatperispinal administration of etanerceptor could provide sustained improvement in cognitive function for Alzheimer patients.
Journal ArticleDOI

Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose study of the oral γ-secretase inhibitor BMS-708163 (Avagacestat): tolerability profile, pharmacokinetic parameters, and pharmacodynamic markers.

TL;DR: Results from this single-ascending dose study suggest that avagacestat was tolerated at a single-dose range of 0.3 to 800 mg and suitable for further clinical development, and may therefore produce less toxic adverse events than other less selective compounds.
Journal Article

Relative tolerability of Alzheimer's disease treatments.

TL;DR: Data from this review suggest that gastrointestinal side effects are typical of ChEIs, and problems with rivastigmine tolerability may be reduced by transdermal administration.
Journal ArticleDOI

Non-pharmacological and Pharmacological Treatment of the Cognitive and Behavioral Symptoms of Alzheimer Disease

TL;DR: The medications that are currently FDA-approved for the treatment of the cognitive/functional deficits of AD will be discussed and neuropsychiatric behavioral disturbances, including hallucinations and delusions, agitation and aggression, activity disturbances, depression, and anxiety will be described along with treatment interventions.
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