Invited Commentary: Physical Activity, Mortality, and Genetics
Tuomo Rankinen,Claude Bouchard +1 more
TLDR
The nature of the associations among physical activity level, fitness, and longevity, with special reference to the role of human genetic variation, is reviewed, and potential reasons for different outcomes of these large twin studies are discussed.Abstract:
The importance of regular physical activity to human health has been recognized for a long time, and a physically active lifestyle is now defined as a major component of public health policies. The independent contribution of regular physical activity to lower morbidity and mortality rates is generally accepted, and the biologic mechanisms mediating these health effects are actively investigated. A few years ago, data from the Finnish Twin Registry suggested that genetic selection may account for some of the physical-activity-related benefits on mortality rates. However, results from the Swedish Twin Registry study reported by Carlsson et al. in the current issue of the Journal (Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:255-259) do not support the genetic selection hypothesis. In this commentary, the authors review the nature of the associations among physical activity level, fitness, and longevity, with special reference to the role of human genetic variation, and discuss potential reasons for different outcomes of these large twin studies.read more
Citations
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Tracking of physical activity from childhood to adulthood: A review
TL;DR: The results of the tracking studies support the idea that the enhancement of physical activity in children and adolescents is of great importance for the promotion of public health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Causes and Metabolic Consequences of Fatty Liver
TL;DR: The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic fat accumulation, particularly the roles of body fat distribution, nutrition, exercise, genetics, and gene-environment interaction are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Total mortality after changes in leisure time physical activity in 50 year old men: 35 year follow-up of population based cohort
Liisa Byberg,Håkan Melhus,Rolf Gedeborg,Johan Sundström,Anders Ahlbom,Björn Zethelius,Lars Berglund,Alicja Wolk,Karl Michaëlsson +8 more
TL;DR: Increased physical activity in middle age is eventually followed by a reduction in mortality to the same level as seen among men with constantly high physical activity, comparable with that associated with smoking cessation.
Journal ArticleDOI
High cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of the reduction in liver fat during a lifestyle intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Konstantinos Kantartzis,Claus Thamer,Andreas Peter,Jürgen Machann,Fritz Schick,Christina Schraml,Alfred Königsrainer,Ingmar Königsrainer,Stefan M Kröber,A. M. Niess,Andreas Fritsche,Hans-Ulrich Häring,Norbert Stefan +12 more
TL;DR: Cardiorespiratory fitness, independently of total adiposity, body fat distribution and exercise intensity, determines liver fat content in humans, suggesting that fitness and liver fat are causally related to each other.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effectiveness of Physical Activity Advice and Prescription by Physicians in Routine Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Gonzalo Grandes,Alvaro Sanchez,Ricardo Ortega Sanchez-Pinilla,Jesus Torcal,Imanol Montoya,Kepa Lizarraga,Javier Serra +6 more
TL;DR: The PEPAF (Experimental Program for Physical Activity Promotion) as discussed by the authors was implemented exclusively by physicians in routine primary care from October 2003 to December 2004, and the effectiveness of the intervention was assessed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2.
TL;DR: Physical exercise and lack of obesity in adolescence were associated with significantly delayed breast cancer onset, and risks appear to be increasing with time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Individual differences in response to regular physical activity.
Claude Bouchard,Tuomo Rankinen +1 more
TL;DR: Age, sex, and ethnic origin are not major determinants of human responses to regular physical activity, whereas the pretraining level of a phenotype has a considerable impact in some cases and familial factors also contribute significantly to variability in training response.
Book
Physical Activity and Health
TL;DR: This chapter discusses skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Regular Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and Inactivity Physiology, and an Integrated View of Physical Activity, Fitness and Health Index.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of serotonin in the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants on hyperactivity.
Raul R. Gainetdinov,William C. Wetsel,Sara R. Jones,Edward D. Levin,Mohamed Jaber,Marc G. Caron +5 more
TL;DR: The parallels between the DAT knockout mice and individuals with ADHD suggest that common mechanisms may underlie some of their behaviors and responses to psychostimulants.
Journal ArticleDOI
The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2005 update.
Molly S. Bray,James M. Hagberg,Louis Pérusse,Tuomo Rankinen,Stephen M. Roth,Bernd Wolfarth,Claude Bouchard +6 more
TL;DR: This review presents the 2002 update of the human gene map for physical performance and health-related phenotypes, based on peer-reviewed papers published by the end of 2002 and includes association studies with candidate genes, genome-wide scans with polymorphic markers, and single gene defects causing exercise intolerance to variable degrees.
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