Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
TLDR
Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.Abstract:
Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally. Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.read more
Citations
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The contribution of land cover change to the decline of honey yields in the Northern Great Plains
David R. Smith,Amélie Y. Davis,Claudia Hitaj,Daniel Hellerstein,Amanda Preslicka,Emma Kogge,David M. Mushet,Eric V. Lonsdorf +7 more
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Pesticides in a warmer world: Effects of glyphosate and warming across insect life stages.
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of exposure to GLY and exposure to GBF formulations on terrestrial animals are investigated in a variable field cricket (Gryllus lineaticeps) during two life stages.
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Exposure to a Glyphosate-based Herbicide Alters the Expression of Key Regulators of Mammary Gland Development on Pre-pubertal Male Rats.
Ayelen L. Gomez,Gabriela A. Altamirano,María V. Tschopp,Verónica L. Bosquiazzo,Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro,Laura Kass +5 more
TL;DR: The mammary gland development of pre-pubertal male rats is affected by perinatal exposure to GBH, and the results suggest that early evaluation of the male rat mammaries is useful in assessing exposure to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
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Association of Glyphosate Exposure with Blood DNA Methylation in a Cross-Sectional Study of Postmenopausal Women
TL;DR: For 392 postmenopausal women, white blood cell DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. as mentioned in this paper identified 24 CpG sites whose methylation level was associated with urinary glyphosate concentration and two associated with AMPA.
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Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
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TL;DR: GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions and regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science.