Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
TLDR
Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.Abstract:
Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally. Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.read more
Citations
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Effect of a glyphosate-containing herbicide on Escherichia coli and Salmonella Ser. Typhimurium in an in vitro rumen simulation system
TL;DR: Application of the glyphosate-containing formulation in a worst-case concentration of 10 mg/L neither increased the abundance for the tested E. coli and Salmonella strain in the in vitro fermentation system, nor promoted resistance to glyphosate or antibiotics.
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A Review and Update with Perspective of Evidence that the Herbicide Glyphosate (Roundup) is a Cause of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the scientific literature linking exposure to glyphosate and GBFs to the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with emphasis on new findings since publication of the IARC report, and provided evidence for an association between exposure to GBFs and an increased risk of NHL.
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Occupational exposure to glyphosate and risk of lymphoma:results of an Italian multicenter case-control study
Federico Meloni,Giannina Satta,Marina Padoan,Andrea Montagna,Ilaria Pilia,Alessandra Argiolas,Sara Piro,Corrado Magnani,Angela Gambelunghe,Giacomo Muzi,Giovanni Maria Ferri,Luigi Vimercati,Roberta Zanotti,Aldo Scarpa,Mariagrazia Zucca,Sara De Matteis,Marcello Campagna,Lucia Miligi,Pierluigi Cocco +18 more
TL;DR: The findings provide limited support to the IARC decision to classify glyphosate as Group 2A human carcinogen.
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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of glyphosate on dispersed silver nanoparticles: a reinterpretation based on model molecules
Alessandro Feis,Cristina Gellini,Marilena Ricci,Lorenzo Tognaccini,Maurizio Becucci,Giulietta Smulevich +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy was used to analyze the effect of adsorption on nanoparticles of glyphosate and its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid.
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Herbicide residues in Australian grain cropping soils at sowing and their relevance to crop growth.
TL;DR: The most frequently detected residues were glyphosate and its primary breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in 87 and 100%, respectively, of topsoil (0-10 cm) samples in 2015, and 67 and 93% of samples in 2016 as mentioned in this paper .
References
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Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
John Peterson Myers,Michael Antoniou,Bruce Blumberg,Lynn Carroll,Theo Colborn,Lorne G. Everett,Michael Hansen,Philip J. Landrigan,Bruce P. Lanphear,Robin Mesnage,Laura N. Vandenberg,Frederick S. vom Saal,Wade V. Welshons,Charles Benbrook +13 more
TL;DR: GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions and regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science.