Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
TLDR
Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.Abstract:
Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally. Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.read more
Citations
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Determination of glyphosate in breast milk of lactating women in a rural area from Paraná state, Brazil
M. Camiccia,Luciano Zanetti Pessôa Candiotto,S. C. Gaboardi,Carolina Panis,L. B. M. Kottiwitz +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the presence of glyphosate in breast milk was verified by using commercial enzyme immunosorbent assay kit to determine glyphosate levels, and the results suggest that the studied lactating population was contaminated with glyphosate, possibly through continued environmental exposure.
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Proteomic profiling of royal jelly produced by Apis mellifera L. exposed to food containing herbicide-based glyphosate
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on the protein composition of royal jelly (RJ) and consequences for the hive are unknown, however, the authors performed proteomic profiling of RJ produced in hives of Apis mellifera exposed to food containing 1,5 μL of Roundup® (2.16 mg).
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Glyphosate and AMPA binding by two polyamino-phenolic ligands and their dinuclear Zn(II) complexes
Luca Conti,Nicola Flore,Mauro Formica,Luca Giorgi,Marco Pagliai,Luca Mancini,Vieri Fusi,Barbara Valtancoli,Claudia Giorgi +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the binding properties of polyamino-phenolic compounds 3,3′-bis[N,N-bis(2-aminoethyl)aminomethyl]-2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl (L1) and 2,6-bis{[bis-(2-amicyl)amino]methyl}phenol (L2) were investigated.
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Metabolomic analysis of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) response to glyphosate exposure.
TL;DR: In this paper , 1H NMR-based metabolomics was performed to investigate whether oral exposure to an environmentally realistic concentration (7.12 mg L-1) of glyphosate affects the regulation of honey bee metabolites in 2, 5 and 10 days.
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First evaluation of the periphyton recovery after glyphosate exposure.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the potential of periphyton to recover from glyphosate exposure using microcosms under laboratory conditions and concluded that the exposure concentration modulates the recovery potential of IPA-impacted periphhyton.
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Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
John Peterson Myers,Michael Antoniou,Bruce Blumberg,Lynn Carroll,Theo Colborn,Lorne G. Everett,Michael Hansen,Philip J. Landrigan,Bruce P. Lanphear,Robin Mesnage,Laura N. Vandenberg,Frederick S. vom Saal,Wade V. Welshons,Charles Benbrook +13 more
TL;DR: GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions and regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science.