Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
TLDR
Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.Abstract:
Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally. Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.read more
Citations
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In vivo NMR investigations of glyphosate influences on plant metabolism
D. André d’Avignon,Xia Ge +1 more
TL;DR: This study exemplifies how in vivo NMR spectroscopy can be used to better understand Herbicide-associated metabolic alterations observed in living plants, which poses a significant threat to modern agriculture as it is currently practiced.
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Glyphosate commercial formulation negatively affects the reproductive success of solitary wild bees in a Pampean agroecosystem
TL;DR: The results indicate that glyphosate commercial formulation could be conditioning the behavior of the nesting females and it is affecting their reproduction.
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The Use of Genetic and Gene Technologies in Shaping Modern Rapeseed Cultivars (Brassica napus L.).
TL;DR: An overview on the contributions of genetics and gene technologies in improving the major traits of B. napus are provided and their potential use to accomplish new improvement targets are discussed.
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The key role of inter-row vegetation and ants on predation in Mediterranean organic vineyards
Chloé Blaise,Christophe Mazzia,Armin Bischoff,Alexandre Millon,Philippe Ponel,Olivier Blight +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a sentinel prey experiment set up in 26 Mediterranean organic vineyards was used to investigate the relationship between vegetation cover, natural enemies, and pest predation, and the response of generalist predators and associated final predation and dynamics under three inter-row management types.
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Banning of Glyphosate and its Impact on Paddy Cultivation: A study in Ratnapura District in Sri Lanka
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to assess the impacts of the banning of glyphosate for paddy cultivation in Ratnapura district in Sri Lanka, where a sample of 100 paddy farmers was randomly selected and data was collected using a field survey from June to November in 2017.
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Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
John Peterson Myers,Michael Antoniou,Bruce Blumberg,Lynn Carroll,Theo Colborn,Lorne G. Everett,Michael Hansen,Philip J. Landrigan,Bruce P. Lanphear,Robin Mesnage,Laura N. Vandenberg,Frederick S. vom Saal,Wade V. Welshons,Charles Benbrook +13 more
TL;DR: GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions and regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science.