Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
TLDR
Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.Abstract:
Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally. Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioreactivity of a novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsule containing atrazine with human lung alveolar epithelial cells
Teresa D. Tetley,Catherine Adams +1 more
TL;DR: In this article , adverse bioreactivity in alveolar type 1 epithelial cells (a major recipient of inhaled nano-sized particles), following exposure to nanoencapsulated atrazine was found.
Book ChapterDOI
Open Controversies: Bees’ Health, Glyphosate and Endocrine Disruption
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on three issues that proved particularly controversial in the last 10 years and required sustained debates among policy-makers, scientists and activists, providing useful insights into the broader issue of the use of precautionary principle and sheds light on ongoing trade-offs in the EU system of risk regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pre-Conceptional Exposure to Glyphosate Affects the Maternal Hepatic and Ovarian Proteome
TL;DR: This study tested the hypothesis that chronic low-dose pre-conceptional GLY exposure would affect maternal ovarian function mid- and post-gestation and found that it affected the maternal ovarian and hepatic proteome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adequacy of glyphosate doses in the Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f. control as a function of light intensity in the growth environments
Guilherme A. de P. Ferreira,Luan Mateus Silva Donato,R. F. Souza,Williams Montes,Valter Vaz,Leonardo David Tuffi Santos +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the control of Merremia cissoides with glyphosate in full sunlight and shade conditions in two plant growth stages (30 and 73) after sowing (DAS).
Journal ArticleDOI
Zebrafish as a suitable model for studying the mode of action and harmfulness of organophosphate pesticides
TL;DR: The introduction of Chlorella vulgaris in the amount of about 100 thousand cells L-1 into the environment did not show a significant bioremediation effect on the harmful effect of studied pesticides for Danio rerio, which does not exclude the positive impact of algae on the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole and requires further comprehensive research.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
TL;DR: One of the first specialized agencies of the United Nations to become active, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as discussed by the authors has elicited interest beyond the specialized field of agricultural economists.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glyphosate: a once-in-a-century herbicide.
TL;DR: The use of this virtually ideal herbicide is now being threatened by the evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds, and adoption of resistance management practices will be required to maintain the benefits of glyphosate technologies for future generations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2005. ISAAA Briefs No. 34. By C. James. Ithaca, NY, USA: ISAAA (2005), pp. 46, US$50.00. ISBN 1-892456-38-9
Journal ArticleDOI
Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
John Peterson Myers,Michael Antoniou,Bruce Blumberg,Lynn Carroll,Theo Colborn,Lorne G. Everett,Michael Hansen,Philip J. Landrigan,Bruce P. Lanphear,Robin Mesnage,Laura N. Vandenberg,Frederick S. vom Saal,Wade V. Welshons,Charles Benbrook +13 more
TL;DR: GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions and regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science.