Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
TLDR
Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.Abstract:
Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974–2014 in the United States, and from 1994–2014 globally. Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called “Roundup Ready,” genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.read more
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Target-site EPSPS Pro-106-Ser mutation in Conyza canadensis biotypes with extreme resistance to glyphosate in Ohio and Iowa, USA.
TL;DR: These findings represent the first documented case of target-site mediated glyphosate resistance in horseweed in the United States, and the first to show that this mutation was associated with very strong resistance.
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Analysis of Biomechanical Parameters of Muscle Soleus Contraction and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Rat with Chronic Glyphosate Intoxication and Therapeutic Use of C60 Fullerene.
Dmytro N. Nozdrenko,Olga Abramchuk,Svitlana Prylutska,Oksana Vygovska,Vasil Soroca,K. I. Bogutska,Sergii Khrapatyi,Yuriy Prylutskyy,Peter Scharff,Uwe Ritter +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, water-soluble C60 fullerene, as a poweful antioxidant, was used as a therapeutic nanoagent throughout the entire period of intoxication with the above herbicide (oral administration at doses of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg).
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Associations between pesticide mixtures applied near home during pregnancy and early childhood with adolescent behavioral and emotional problems in the CHAMACOS study.
Carly Hyland,Patrick T. Bradshaw,Robert B. Gunier,Ana M. Mora,Ana M. Mora,Katherine Kogut,Julianna Deardorff,Sharon K. Sagiv,Asa Bradman,Asa Bradman,Brenda Eskenazi +10 more
TL;DR: Hyland et al. as mentioned in this paper found that exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and early childhood is associated with adverse child neurodevelopment, and they implemented a Bayesian Hierarchical linear mixed-effects model to examine associations with maternal and youthreported behavioral and emotional problems from the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2).
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An integrated transcriptomic- and proteomic-based approach to evaluate the human skin sensitization potential of glyphosate and its commercial agrochemical formulations
Tim Lindberg,Renato Ivan de Ávila,Kathrin S. Zeller,Fredrik Levander,Dennis Eriksson,Aakash Chawade,Malin Lindstedt +6 more
TL;DR: The data show the applicability of a multiparametric integrated approach for the mechanism-based hazard evaluation of xenobiotics, eventually complementing decision making in the holistic risk assessment of chemicals regarding their allergenic potential in humans.
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Sorption-desorption isotherms and biodegradation of glyphosate in two tropical soils aged with eucalyptus biochar
Leonardo Junqueira,Kassio Ferreira Mendes,Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa,Cassio de Souza Almeida,Felipe Gimenes Alonso,Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the sorption-desorption process and biodegradation of glyphosate in two tropical soils aged with biochar derived from eucalyptus.
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Concerns over use of glyphosate-based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
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TL;DR: GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions and regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science.