Institution
Durham University
Education•Durham, United Kingdom•
About: Durham University is a education organization based out in Durham, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 39385 authors who have published 82311 publications receiving 3110994 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Durham & Gallery of Durham University.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Redshift, Context (language use), Star formation
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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National Institutes of Health1, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute2, Rockefeller University3, University of California, Davis4, European Bioinformatics Institute5, Seoul National University6, Max Planck Society7, Durham University8, University of Massachusetts Amherst9, University of Adelaide10, University of Missouri11, East Carolina University12, University of Queensland13, Queen Mary University of London14, Wellington Management Company15, University of Arizona16, Natural History Museum17, Bangor University18, University of Konstanz19, Northeastern University20, Naturalis21, University of Graz22, Florida Museum of Natural History23, University of California, Santa Cruz24, Pacific Biosciences25, University of Maryland, College Park26, Harbin Institute of Technology27, University of Chicago28, Oregon Health & Science University29, Monash University Malaysia Campus30, University of Milan31, University of Copenhagen32, Pennsylvania State University33, University of Los Andes34, Agency for Science, Technology and Research35, Royal Ontario Museum36, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute37, University of East Anglia38, Pompeu Fabra University39, University College Dublin40, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign41, La Trobe University42, University of California, San Diego43, UPRRP College of Natural Sciences44, Dresden University of Technology45
TL;DR: The Vertebrate Genomes Project is embarked on, an effort to generate high-quality, complete reference genomes for all ~70,000 extant vertebrate species and help enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.
Abstract: High-quality and complete reference genome assemblies are fundamental for the application of genomics to biology, disease, and biodiversity conservation. However, such assemblies are only available for a few non-microbial species. To address this issue, the international Genome 10K (G10K) consortium has worked over a five-year period to evaluate and develop cost-effective methods for assembling the most accurate and complete reference genomes to date. Here we summarize these developments, introduce a set of quality standards, and present lessons learned from sequencing and assembling 16 species representing major vertebrate lineages (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, teleost fishes and cartilaginous fishes). We confirm that long-read sequencing technologies are essential for maximizing genome quality and that unresolved complex repeats and haplotype heterozygosity are major sources of error in assemblies. Our new assemblies identify and correct substantial errors in some of the best historical reference genomes. Adopting these lessons, we have embarked on the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP), an effort to generate high-quality, complete reference genomes for all ~70,000 extant vertebrate species and help enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.
567 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a suite of high-resolution N-body simulations of individual dark matter haloes is presented, which is based on the Aquarius project, and the authors find that accreted stellar haloes are assembled between 1 < z < 7 from less than five significant progenitors.
Abstract: We present six simulations of galactic stellar haloes formed by the tidal disruption of accreted dwarf galaxies in a fully cosmological setting. Our model is based on the Aquarius project, a suite of high-resolution N-body simulations of individual dark matter haloes. We tag subsets of particles in these simulations with stellar populations predicted by the galform semi-analytic model. Our method self-consistently tracks the dynamical evolution and disruption of satellites from high redshift. The luminosity function (LF) and structural properties of surviving satellites, which agree well with observations, suggest that this technique is appropriate. We find that accreted stellar haloes are assembled between 1 < z < 7 from less than five significant progenitors. These progenitors are old, metal-rich satellites with stellar masses similar to the brightest Milky Way dwarf spheroidals (10^(7)–10^(8) M_⊙). In contrast to previous stellar halo simulations, we find that several of these major contributors survive as self-bound systems to the present day. Both the number of these significant progenitors and their infall times are inherently stochastic. This results in great diversity among our stellar haloes, which amplifies small differences between the formation histories of their dark halo hosts. The masses (~10^(8)–10^(9) M_⊙) and density/surface-brightness profiles of the stellar haloes (from 10 to 100 kpc) are consistent with expectations from the Milky Way and M31. Each halo has a complex structure, consisting of well-mixed components, tidal streams, shells and other subcomponents. This structure is not adequately described by smooth models. The central regions (<10 kpc) of our haloes are highly prolate (c/a ~ 0.3), although we find one example of a massive accreted thick disc. Metallicity gradients in our haloes are typically significant only where the halo is built from a small number of satellites. We contrast the ages and metallicities of halo stars with surviving satellites, finding broad agreement with recent observations.
567 citations
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TL;DR: Observational evidence suggested that volunteering may benefit mental health and survival although the causal mechanisms remain unclear, and there was limited robustly designed research to guide the development of volunteering as a public health promotion intervention.
Abstract: Background: Volunteering has been advocated by the United Nations, and American and European governments as a way to engage people in their local communities and improve social capital, with the potential for public health benefits such as improving wellbeing and decreasing health inequalities Furthermore, the US Corporation for National and Community Service Strategic Plan for 2011–2015 focused on increasing the impact of national service on community needs, supporting volunteers’ wellbeing, and prioritising recruitment and engagement of underrepresented populations The aims of this review were to examine the effect of formal volunteering on volunteers’ physical and mental health and survival, and to explore the influence of volunteering type and intensity on health outcomes Methods: Experimental and cohort studies comparing the physical and mental health outcomes and mortality of a volunteering group to a non-volunteering group were identified from twelve electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, HMIC, SSCI, ASSIA, Social Care Online, Social Policy and Practice) and citation tracking in January 2013 No language, country or date restrictions were applied Data synthesis was based on vote counting and random effects meta-analysis of mortality risk ratios Results: Forty papers were selected: five randomised controlled trials (RCTs, seven papers); four non-RCTs; and 17 cohort studies (29 papers) Cohort studies showed volunteering had favourable effects on depression, life satisfaction, wellbeing but not on physical health These findings were not confirmed by experimental studies Meta-analysis of five cohort studies found volunteers to be at lower risk of mortality (risk ratio: 078; 95% CI: 066, 090) There was insufficient evidence to demonstrate a consistent influence of volunteering type or intensity on outcomes Conclusion: Observational evidence suggested that volunteering may benefit mental health and survival although the causal mechanisms remain unclear Consequently, there was limited robustly designed research to guide the development of volunteering as a public health promotion intervention Future studies should explicitly map intervention design to clear health outcomes as well as use pragmatic RCT methodology to test effects
565 citations
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TL;DR: Together, these studies reveal that PRCs control epigenetic modifications temporally and spatially in tissue-restricted stem cells and maintain their proliferative potential and globally repressing undesirable differentiation programs while selectively establishing a specific terminal differentiation program in a stepwise fashion.
564 citations
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TL;DR: This review which is the second in this series summarises the most common synthetic routes as applied to the preparation of many modern pharmaceutical compounds categorised as containing a six-membered heterocyclic ring.
Abstract: This review which is the second in this series summarises the most common synthetic routes as applied to the preparation of many modern pharmaceutical compounds categorised as containing a six-membered heterocyclic ring. The reported examples are based on the top retailing drug molecules combining synthetic information from both scientific journals and the wider patent literature. It is hoped that this compilation, in combination with the previously published review on five-membered rings, will form a comprehensive foundation and reference source for individuals interested in medicinal, synthetic and preparative chemistry.
563 citations
Authors
Showing all 39730 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Eugene Braunwald | 230 | 1711 | 264576 |
Robert J. Lefkowitz | 214 | 860 | 147995 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Francis S. Collins | 196 | 743 | 250787 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
David J. Schlegel | 193 | 600 | 193972 |
Simon D. M. White | 189 | 795 | 231645 |
George Efstathiou | 187 | 637 | 156228 |
Terrie E. Moffitt | 182 | 594 | 150609 |
John A. Rogers | 177 | 1341 | 127390 |
Avshalom Caspi | 170 | 524 | 113583 |
Richard S. Ellis | 169 | 882 | 136011 |
Rob Ivison | 166 | 1161 | 102314 |