Institution
McGill University
Education•Montreal, Quebec, Canada•
About: McGill University is a education organization based out in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 72688 authors who have published 162565 publications receiving 6966523 citations. The organization is also known as: Royal institution of advanced learning & University of McGill College.
Topics: Population, Context (language use), Poison control, Health care, Cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the Event Horizon Telescope was used to reconstruct event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole candidate in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87.
Abstract: When surrounded by a transparent emission region, black holes are expected to reveal a dark shadow caused by gravitational light bending and photon capture at the event horizon. To image and study this phenomenon, we have assembled the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometry array observing at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. This allows us to reconstruct event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole candidate in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. We have resolved the central compact radio source as an asymmetric bright emission ring with a diameter of 42 +/- 3 mu as, which is circular and encompasses a central depression in brightness with a flux ratio greater than or similar to 10: 1. The emission ring is recovered using different calibration and imaging schemes, with its diameter and width remaining stable over four different observations carried out in different days. Overall, the observed image is consistent with expectations for the shadow of a Kerr black hole as predicted by general relativity. The asymmetry in brightness in the ring can be explained in terms of relativistic beaming of the emission from a plasma rotating close to the speed of light around a black hole. We compare our images to an extensive library of ray-traced general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of black holes and derive a central mass of M = (6.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(9) M-circle dot. Our radio-wave observations thus provide powerful evidence for the presence of supermassive black holes in centers of galaxies and as the central engines of active galactic nuclei. They also present a new tool to explore gravity in its most extreme limit and on a mass scale that was so far not accessible.
2,589 citations
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Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics1, University of Liège2, University of Chicago3, Yale University4, University of Pittsburgh5, Massachusetts Institute of Technology6, Montreal Heart Institute7, Johns Hopkins University8, University of Toronto9, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center10, McGill University11, Harvard University12, Ghent University Hospital13, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven14, Free University of Brussels15, Paris Diderot University16, Western General Hospital17, King's College London18, University of Oxford19, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute20, University of Cambridge21, Newcastle University22
TL;DR: The results strongly confirm 11 previously reported loci and provide genome-wide significant evidence for 21 additional loci, including the regions containing STAT3, JAK2, ICOSLG, CDKAL1 and ITLN1, which offer promise for informed therapeutic development.
Abstract: Several risk factors for Crohn's disease have been identified in recent genome-wide association studies. To advance gene discovery further, we combined data from three studies on Crohn's disease (a total of 3,230 cases and 4,829 controls) and carried out replication in 3,664 independent cases with a mixture of population-based and family-based controls. The results strongly confirm 11 previously reported loci and provide genome-wide significant evidence for 21 additional loci, including the regions containing STAT3, JAK2, ICOSLG, CDKAL1 and ITLN1. The expanded molecular understanding of the basis of this disease offers promise for informed therapeutic development.
2,584 citations
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Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University1, French Institute of Health and Medical Research2, University of British Columbia3, UBC Hospital4, Beta5, Sahlgrenska University Hospital6, University of Virginia7, McGill University8, Brigham and Women's Hospital9, Washington University in St. Louis10, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University11, University College London12, University of Antwerp13, University of Geneva14, University of California, San Diego15, University of Kentucky16, Karolinska University Hospital17, university of lille18, University of California, San Francisco19, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis20, Brown University21, University of Paris22, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais23, Maastricht University Medical Centre24, University of Southern California25, NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital26, VU University Amsterdam27, Lou Ruvo Brain Institute28
TL;DR: It is proposed that downstream topographical biomarkers of the disease, such as volumetric MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose PET, might better serve in the measurement and monitoring of the course of disease.
Abstract: In the past 8 years, both the International Working Group (IWG) and the US National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association have contributed criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that better define clinical phenotypes and integrate biomarkers into the diagnostic process, covering the full staging of the disease. This Position Paper considers the strengths and limitations of the IWG research diagnostic criteria and proposes advances to improve the diagnostic framework. On the basis of these refinements, the diagnosis of AD can be simplified, requiring the presence of an appropriate clinical AD phenotype (typical or atypical) and a pathophysiological biomarker consistent with the presence of Alzheimer's pathology. We propose that downstream topographical biomarkers of the disease, such as volumetric MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose PET, might better serve in the measurement and monitoring of the course of disease. This paper also elaborates on the specific diagnostic criteria for atypical forms of AD, for mixed AD, and for the preclinical states of AD.
2,581 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a self-consistent ab initio technique for modeling quantum transport properties of atomic and molecular scale nanoelectronic devices under external bias potentials was proposed, based on density functional theory using norm conserving nonlocal pseudopotentials to define the atomic core and nonequilibrium Green's functions (NEGF's) to calculate the charge distribution.
Abstract: We report on a self-consistent ab initio technique for modeling quantum transport properties of atomic and molecular scale nanoelectronic devices under external bias potentials. The technique is based on density functional theory using norm conserving nonlocal pseudopotentials to define the atomic core and nonequilibrium Green's functions (NEGF's) to calculate the charge distribution. The modeling of an open device system is reduced to a calculation defined on a finite region of space using a screening approximation. The interaction between the device scattering region and the electrodes is accounted for by self-energies within the NEGF formalism. Our technique overcomes several difficulties of doing first principles modeling of open molecular quantum coherent conductors. We apply this technique to investigate single wall carbon nanotubes in contact with an Al metallic electrode. We have studied the current-voltage characteristics of the nanotube-metal interface from first principles. Our results suggest that there are two transmission eigenvectors contributing to the ballistic conductance of the interface, with a total conductance $G\ensuremath{\approx}{G}_{0}$ where ${G}_{0}{=2e}^{2}/h$ is the conductance quanta. This is about half of the expected value for infinite perfect metallic nanotubes.
2,581 citations
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TL;DR: The formalin test is a statistically valid technique which has two advantages over other pain tests:: (1) little or no restraint is necessary, permitting unhindered observation of the complete range of behavioral responses; and, (2) the pain stimulus is continuous rather than transient, thus bearing greater resemblance to most clinical pain.
Abstract: SUMMARYA method for assessing pain and analgesia in rats and cats is described. The procedure involves subcutaneous injection of dilute formalin into the forepaw, after which the animal's responses are rated according to objective behavioral criteria. The formalin test is a statistically valid techn
2,573 citations
Authors
Showing all 73373 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Karl J. Friston | 217 | 1267 | 217169 |
Yi Chen | 217 | 4342 | 293080 |
Yoshua Bengio | 202 | 1033 | 420313 |
Irving L. Weissman | 201 | 1141 | 172504 |
Mark I. McCarthy | 200 | 1028 | 187898 |
Lewis C. Cantley | 196 | 748 | 169037 |
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Michael Marmot | 193 | 1147 | 170338 |
Michael A. Strauss | 185 | 1688 | 208506 |
Alan C. Evans | 183 | 866 | 134642 |
Douglas R. Green | 182 | 661 | 145944 |
David A. Weitz | 178 | 1038 | 114182 |
David L. Kaplan | 177 | 1944 | 146082 |
Hyun-Chul Kim | 176 | 4076 | 183227 |
Feng Zhang | 172 | 1278 | 181865 |