United States Department of Energy

About: United States Department of Energy is a government organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Coal. The organization has 13656 authors who have published 14177 publications receiving 556962 citations. The organization is also known as: DOE & Department of Energy.

Multifunctional Cyanate Ester Nanocomposites Reinforced by Hexagonal Boron Nitride after Noncovalent Biomimetic Functionalization

Abstract: Boron nitride (BN) reinforced polymer nanocomposites have attracted a growing research interest in the microelectronic industry for their uniquely thermal conductive but electrical insulating properties. To overcome the challenges in surface functionalization, in this study, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles were noncovalently modified with polydopamine in a solvent-free aqueous condition. The strong π–π interaction between the hexagonal structural BN and aromatic dopamine molecules facilitated 15 wt % polydopamine encapsulating the nanoparticles. High-performance bisphenol E cyanate ester (BECy) was incorporated by homogeneously dispersed h-BN at different loadings and functionalities to investigate their effects on thermo-mechanical, dynamic-mechanical, and dielectric properties, as well as thermal conductivity. Different theoretical and empirical models were successfully applied to predict thermal and dielectric properties of h-BN/BECy nanocomposites. Overall, the prepared h-BN/BECy nanocomp...

Resolving rotational motions of nano-objects in engineered environments and live cells with gold nanorods and differential interference contrast microscopy.

Abstract: Gold nanorods are excellent orientation probes due to their anisotropic optical properties Their dynamic rotational motion in the 3D space can be disclosed with Nomarski-type differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy We demonstrate that by using the combination of gold nanorod probes and DIC microscopy, we are able to resolve rotational motions of nano-cargos transported by motor proteins at video rate not only on engineered surfaces but also on cytoskeleton tracks in live cells

Assembly principles and structure of a 6.5-MDa bacterial microcompartment shell.

Abstract: Many bacteria contain primitive organelles composed entirely of protein. These bacterial microcompartments share a common architecture of an enzymatic core encapsulated in a selectively permeable protein shell; prominent examples include the carboxysome for CO2 fixation and catabolic microcompartments found in many pathogenic microbes. The shell sequesters enzymatic reactions from the cytosol, analogous to the lipid-based membrane of eukaryotic organelles. Despite available structural information for single building blocks, the principles of shell assembly have remained elusive. We present the crystal structure of an intact shell from Haliangium ochraceum, revealing the basic principles of bacterial microcompartment shell construction. Given the conservation among shell proteins of all bacterial microcompartments, these principles apply to functionally diverse organelles and can inform the design and engineering of shells with new functionalities.

Viscous flux motion in a Josephson-coupled layer model of high-Tc superconductors

Abstract: We develop and apply a theory for the structure of an isolated vortex parallel to the layers in a Josephson-coupled layer model of a high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ copper oxide superconductor. This model takes into account the discreteness of the copper oxide planes, which is expected to become important below the crossover temperature where the coherence length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{c}}$(T) becomes less than the lattice constant c. We apply the layer model to the motion of a vortex parallel to the planes and calculate the viscous drag coefficient. This result is contrasted with that of the anisotropic Bardeen-Stephen model.

Molecular and cellular biology of moderate-dose (1-10 Gy) radiation and potential mechanisms of radiation protection: report of a workshop at Bethesda, Maryland, December 17-18, 2001.

Abstract: Coleman, C. N., Blakely, W. F., Fike, J. R., MacVittie, T. J., Metting, N. F., Mitchell, J. B., Moulder, J. E., Preston, R. J., Seed, T. M., Stone, H. B., Tofilon, P. J. and Wong, R. S. L. Molecular and Cellular Biology of Moderate-Dose (1–10 Gy) Radiation and Potential Mechanisms of Radiation Protection: Report of a Workshop at Bethesda, Maryland, December 17–18, 2001. Radiat. Res. 159, 812–834 (2003). Exposures to doses of radiation of 1–10 Gy, defined in this workshop as moderate-dose radiation, may occur during the course of radiation therapy or as the result of radiation accidents or nuclear/radiological terrorism alone or in conjunction with bioterrorism. The resulting radiation injuries would be due to a series of molecular, cellular, tissue and whole-animal processes. To address the status of research on these issues, a broad-based workshop was convened. The specific recommendations were: (1) Research: Identify the key molecular, cellular and tissue pathways that lead from the initial mol...