Institution
United States Department of Energy
Government•Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States•
About: United States Department of Energy is a government organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Coal. The organization has 13656 authors who have published 14177 publications receiving 556962 citations. The organization is also known as: DOE & Department of Energy.
Topics: Catalysis, Coal, Combustion, Adsorption, Hydrogen
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Los Alamos National Laboratory1, University of New Mexico2, Clark University3, Vienna University of Technology4, Spanish National Research Council5, United States Department of Agriculture6, University of Wisconsin-Madison7, United States Department of Energy8, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile9, University of Cincinnati10, Universidad Pública de Navarra11, University of Toronto12, Aix-Marseille University13, Novozymes14, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory15, University of Göttingen16, University of Michigan17, Charles University in Prague18
TL;DR: Comparisons with the closely relatedwhite-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium support an evolutionary shift from white-rot to brown-rot during which the capacity for efficient depolymerization of lignin was lost.
Abstract: Brown-rot fungi such as Postia placenta are common inhabitants of forest ecosystems and are also largely responsible for the destructive decay of wooden structures. Rapid depolymerization of cellulose is a distinguishing feature of brown-rot, but the biochemical mechanisms and underlying genetics are poorly understood. Systematic examination of the P. placenta genome, transcriptome, and secretome revealed unique extracellular enzyme systems, including an unusual repertoire of extracellular glycoside hydrolases. Genes encoding exocellobiohydrolases and cellulose-binding domains, typical of cellulolytic microbes, are absent in this efficient cellulose-degrading fungus. When P. placenta was grown in medium containing cellulose as sole carbon source, transcripts corresponding to many hemicellulases and to a single putative β-1–4 endoglucanase were expressed at high levels relative to glucose-grown cultures. These transcript profiles were confirmed by direct identification of peptides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Also up-regulated during growth on cellulose medium were putative iron reductases, quinone reductase, and structurally divergent oxidases potentially involved in extracellular generation of Fe(II) and H2O2. These observations are consistent with a biodegradative role for Fenton chemistry in which Fe(II) and H2O2 react to form hydroxyl radicals, highly reactive oxidants capable of depolymerizing cellulose. The P. placenta genome resources provide unparalleled opportunities for investigating such unusual mechanisms of cellulose conversion. More broadly, the genome offers insight into the diversification of lignocellulose degrading mechanisms in fungi. Comparisons with the closely related white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium support an evolutionary shift from white-rot to brown-rot during which the capacity for efficient depolymerization of lignin was lost.
583 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown by complete genome sequencing of two symbiotic, photosynthetic, Bradyrhizobium strains, BTAi1 and ORS278, that canonical nodABC genes and typical lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors are not required for symbiosis in some legumes.
Abstract: Leguminous plants (such as peas and soybeans) and rhizobial soil bacteria are symbiotic partners that communicate through molecular signaling pathways, resulting in the formation of nodules on legume roots and occasionally stems that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nodule formation has been assumed to be exclusively initiated by the binding of bacterial, host-specific lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors, encoded by the nodABC genes, to kinase-like receptors of the plant. Here we show by complete genome sequencing of two symbiotic, photosynthetic, Bradyrhizobium strains, BTAi1 and ORS278, that canonical nodABC genes and typical lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors are not required for symbiosis in some legumes. Mutational analyses indicated that these unique rhizobia use an alternative pathway to initiate symbioses, where a purine derivative may play a key role in triggering nodule formation.
574 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical framework is presented for the analysis of particle dry deposition to vegetation, which is similar to the one used for the application of momentum in a vegetative canopy.
569 citations
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TL;DR: The results show that both amplicon length and primer pair markedly influence estimates of richness and evenness, however, estimates of species evenness are consistent among different primer pairs targeting the same region, highlighting the importance of experimental methodology when comparing diversity estimates across communities.
Abstract: Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons for microbial community profiling can, for equivalent costs, yield more than two orders of magnitude more sensitivity than traditional PCR cloning and Sanger sequencing. With this increased sensitivity and the ability to analyze multiple samples in parallel, it has become possible to evaluate several technical aspects of PCR-based community structure profiling methods. We tested the effect of amplicon length and primer pair on estimates of species richness (number of species) and evenness (relative abundance of species) by assessing the potentially tractable microbial community residing in the termite hindgut. Two regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced from one of two common priming sites, spanning the V1–V2 or V8 regions, using amplicons ranging in length from 352 to 1443 bp. Our results show that both amplicon length and primer pair markedly influence estimates of richness and evenness. However, estimates of species evenness are consistent among different primer pairs targeting the same region. These results highlight the importance of experimental methodology when comparing diversity estimates across communities.
568 citations
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University of California1, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign2, Smithsonian Institution3, Royal Botanic Gardens4, George Washington University5, University of Cambridge6, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute7, Harvard University8, University of Copenhagen9, University of Science and Technology10, University of California, Berkeley11, United States Department of Energy12, United States Department of Agriculture13, Rockefeller University14, Baylor College of Medicine15, World Economic Forum16, University of São Paulo17, University of Florida18, Chinese Academy of Sciences19
TL;DR: A perspective on the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), a moonshot for biology that aims to sequence, catalog, and characterize the genomes of all of Earth’s eukaryotic biodiversity over a period of 10 years, is presented.
Abstract: Increasing our understanding of Earth’s biodiversity and responsibly stewarding its resources are among the most crucial scientific and social challenges of the new millennium. These challenges require fundamental new knowledge of the organization, evolution, functions, and interactions among millions of the planet’s organisms. Herein, we present a perspective on the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), a moonshot for biology that aims to sequence, catalog, and characterize the genomes of all of Earth’s eukaryotic biodiversity over a period of 10 years. The outcomes of the EBP will inform a broad range of major issues facing humanity, such as the impact of climate change on biodiversity, the conservation of endangered species and ecosystems, and the preservation and enhancement of ecosystem services. We describe hurdles that the project faces, including data-sharing policies that ensure a permanent, freely available resource for future scientific discovery while respecting access and benefit sharing guidelines of the Nagoya Protocol. We also describe scientific and organizational challenges in executing such an ambitious project, and the structure proposed to achieve the project’s goals. The far-reaching potential benefits of creating an open digital repository of genomic information for life on Earth can be realized only by a coordinated international effort.
560 citations
Authors
Showing all 13660 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Martin White | 196 | 2038 | 232387 |
Paul G. Richardson | 183 | 1533 | 155912 |
Jie Zhang | 178 | 4857 | 221720 |
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski | 169 | 1431 | 128585 |
Yang Gao | 168 | 2047 | 146301 |
David Eisenberg | 156 | 697 | 112460 |
Marvin Johnson | 149 | 1827 | 119520 |
Carlos Escobar | 148 | 1184 | 95346 |
Joshua A. Frieman | 144 | 609 | 109562 |
Paul Jackson | 141 | 1372 | 93464 |
Greg Landsberg | 141 | 1709 | 109814 |
J. Conway | 140 | 1692 | 105213 |
Pushpalatha C Bhat | 139 | 1587 | 105044 |
Julian Borrill | 139 | 387 | 102906 |
Cecilia Elena Gerber | 138 | 1727 | 106984 |