Institution
University of Turku
Education•Turku, Finland•
About: University of Turku is a education organization based out in Turku, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 16296 authors who have published 45124 publications receiving 1505428 citations. The organization is also known as: Turun yliopisto & Åbo universitet.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Context (language use), Poison control, Cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized some of the advances and the latest developments in the field of supercritical fluid technology focusing on using supercritical carbon dioxide in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications and took a quick outlook for the future prospects.
Abstract: The high price of organic solvents, environmental factors and the requirements of, for instance, the medical and food industries for ultrapure products have increased the need to develop new processing techniques. Since the end of the 1970s, supercritical fluid extraction has been used to isolate natural products, but for a long time the applications concentrated on only few products. Now the development of processes and equipment that has lasted for over three decades is beginning to pay off and industries are getting more and more interested in supercritical techniques. This article summarizes some of the advances and the latest developments in the field of supercritical fluid technology focusing on using supercritical carbon dioxide in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications and takes a quick outlook for the future prospects.
216 citations
••
TL;DR: The mammalian fetal Leydig cell population presents an intriguing experimental model for studies of function and regulation of steroidogenic cells, which differs both morphologically and functionally from the adult population.
Abstract: The Leydig cells, responsible for testicular androgen production, have two growth phases during the life-span of mammals. The fetal population appears during fetal life and is responsible for the androgen-induced differentiation of the male genitalia. The fetal Leydig cells disappear after birth, and the other population, the adult Leydig cells, appears during puberty and persists for the whole adult life. The fetal Leydig cells, evidently due to the intrauterine endocrine milieu and their special functional requirements in genital differentiation, differ both morphologically and functionally from the adult population. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the special features of the mammalian fetal Leydig cell population, which presents an intriguing experimental model for studies of function and regulation of steroidogenic cells.
216 citations
••
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that human uroepithelial cells possess the molecular machinery needed to respond to uropathogenic E. coli, including recognition receptors for fimbriae and TLR4 for transmembrane signaling, and speculate that the lack of membrane-bound CD14 allows the epithelium to regulate its sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide and to discriminate between more-virulence and less-virulent strains.
Abstract: Mucosal pathogens trigger a local innate host response by activating epithelial cells. Bacterial adherence and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling have been implicated as key events in this process. This study addressed the molecular basis of the epithelial response to gram-negative infection in the human urinary tract. Mucosal biopsies were obtained from kidneys, ureters, and bladders of patients undergoing urinary tract surgery, and epithelial TLR4 and CD14 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. TLR4 was detected in epithelial cells lining the entire urinary tract and in the renal tubular epithelium. CD14, in contrast, was completely absent from the epithelial tissue. The response of the epithelial cells to infection was studied by in vitro challenge of the biopsies with uropathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. A rapid cytokine response was observed, with production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8 but not of IL-4 or gamma interferon. Adhering, P- or type 1-fimbriated E. coli activated IL-6 and IL-8 production more efficiently than the nonfimbriated control, as shown by cellular staining and analysis of secreted cytokines. The results demonstrate that human uroepithelial cells possess the molecular machinery needed to respond to uropathogenic E. coli. This includes recognition receptors for fimbriae and TLR4 for transmembrane signaling. We speculate that the lack of membrane-bound CD14 allows the epithelium to regulate its sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide and to discriminate between more-virulent and less-virulent strains.
216 citations
••
TL;DR: The current knowledge on the structure and function of the various Fd isoforms present in chloroplasts of higher plants are described and the processes involved in oxidation of Fd are discussed, introducing the corresponding enzymes and discussing what is known about their relative interaction with Fd.
Abstract: Ferredoxin (Fd) is a small [2Fe-2S] cluster-containing protein found in all organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis. Fd is the first soluble acceptor of electrons on the stromal side of the chloroplast electron transport chain, and as such is pivotal to determining the distribution of these electrons to different metabolic reactions. In chloroplasts, the principle sink for electrons is in the production of NADPH, which is mostly consumed during the assimilation of CO2 . In addition to this primary function in photosynthesis, Fds are also involved in a number of other essential metabolic reactions, including biosynthesis of chlorophyll, phytochrome and fatty acids, several steps in the assimilation of sulphur and nitrogen, as well as redox signalling and maintenance of redox balance via the thioredoxin system and Halliwell-Asada cycle. This makes Fds crucial determinants of the electron transfer between the thylakoid membrane and a variety of soluble enzymes dependent on these electrons. In this article, we will first describe the current knowledge on the structure and function of the various Fd isoforms present in chloroplasts of higher plants and then discuss the processes involved in oxidation of Fd, introducing the corresponding enzymes and discussing what is known about their relative interaction with Fd.
216 citations
••
University of Helsinki1, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology2, University of Turku3, University of Cambridge4, Pennsylvania State University5, University of Oxford6, Peking University7, University of Bristol8, Max Planck Society9, Stanford University10, University of Tampere11, Information Technology University12, Stockholm University13, European Bioinformatics Institute14, Human Genome Sequencing Center15, Broad Institute16, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics17, Massachusetts Institute of Technology18, Science for Life Laboratory19, University of Rhode Island20
TL;DR: The genome of the Glanville fritillary butterfly, a widely recognized model species in metapopulation biology and eco-evolutionary research, is reported, which shows that fusion chromosomes have retained the ancestral chromosome segments and very few rearrangements have occurred across the fusion sites.
Abstract: Previous studies have reported that chromosome synteny in Lepidoptera has been well conserved, yet the number of haploid chromosomes varies widely from 5 to 223. Here we report the genome (393 Mb) ...
216 citations
Authors
Showing all 16461 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Kari Alitalo | 174 | 817 | 114231 |
Mika Kivimäki | 166 | 1515 | 141468 |
Jaakko Kaprio | 163 | 1532 | 126320 |
Veikko Salomaa | 162 | 843 | 135046 |
Markus W. Büchler | 148 | 1545 | 93574 |
Eugene C. Butcher | 146 | 446 | 72849 |
Steven Williams | 144 | 1375 | 86712 |
Terho Lehtimäki | 142 | 1304 | 106981 |
Olli T. Raitakari | 142 | 1232 | 103487 |
Pim Cuijpers | 136 | 982 | 69370 |
Jeroen J. Bax | 132 | 1306 | 74992 |
Sten Orrenius | 130 | 447 | 57445 |
Aarno Palotie | 129 | 711 | 89975 |
Stefan W. Hell | 127 | 577 | 65937 |
Carlos López-Otín | 126 | 494 | 83933 |