Journal ArticleDOI
Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People
H Charles J Godfray,John Beddington,I. R. Crute,Lawrence Haddad,David Lawrence,James F. Muir,Jules Pretty,Sherman Robinson,Sandy M Thomas,Camilla Toulmin +9 more
TLDR
A multifaceted and linked global strategy is needed to ensure sustainable and equitable food security, different components of which are explored here.Abstract:
Continuing population and consumption growth will mean that the global demand for food will increase for at least another 40 years. Growing competition for land, water, and energy, in addition to the overexploitation of fisheries, will affect our ability to produce food, as will the urgent requirement to reduce the impact of the food system on the environment. The effects of climate change are a further threat. But the world can produce more food and can ensure that it is used more efficiently and equitably. A multifaceted and linked global strategy is needed to ensure sustainable and equitable food security, different components of which are explored here.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Drylands extent and environmental issues. A global approach
TL;DR: In this paper, the global, continental and national extent of dryland areas was quantified by using a high-resolution climate database presently available at global level, based on relevant scientific literature, this approach attempts to briefly highlight the main environmental issues (natural and anthropogenic) of major continental and regional dryland regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping farmland abandonment and recultivation across Europe using MODIS NDVI time series.
Stephan Estel,Tobias Kuemmerle,Tobias Kuemmerle,Camilo Alcántara,Christian Levers,Alexander V. Prishchepov,Alexander V. Prishchepov,Patrick Hostert,Patrick Hostert +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a methodology to map active and fallow land using MODIS Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series and provided the first European-wide map of the extent of abandoned farmland (cropland and grassland) and recultivation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increased food and ecosystem security via perennial grains
Jerry D. Glover,John P. Reganold,Lindsay W. Bell,Justin O. Borevitz,E.C. Brummer,Edward S. Buckler,Cindy M. Cox,Tara M. Cox,T. Crews,Steve W. Culman,Lee R. DeHaan,Dennis Eriksson,Bikram S. Gill,James B. Holland,F. Hu,Brent S. Hulke,Amir M. H. Ibrahim,W. Jackson,Stephen S. Jones,Seth C. Murray,Andrew H. Paterson,Edmundo L. Ploschuk,Erik J. Sacks,Sieglinde S. Snapp,Dayun Tao,D. L. Van Tassel,Len J. Wade,Donald L. Wyse,Yunbi Xu +28 more
TL;DR: To ensure food and ecosystem security, farmers need more options to produce grains under different, generally less favorable circumstances than those under which increases in food security were achieved this past century.
Journal ArticleDOI
How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review
Michel Duru,Michel Duru,Olivier Therond,Olivier Therond,Guillaume Martin,Guillaume Martin,Roger Martin-Clouaire,Roger Martin-Clouaire,Marie-Angélina Magne,Eric Justes,Eric Justes,Etienne-Pascal Journet,Etienne-Pascal Journet,Etienne-Pascal Journet,Jean Noël Aubertot,Jean Noël Aubertot,Serge Savary,Serge Savary,Jacques Eric Bergez,Jacques Eric Bergez,Jean-Pierre Sarthou,Jean-Pierre Sarthou +21 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of agroecological and management sciences to identify two facts that explain the lack of practical applications: (1) the occurrence of high uncertainties about relations between agricultural practices, ecological processes, and ecosystem services, and (2) the site-specific character of agricultural practices required to deliver expected ecosystem services; they also show that an adaptive management approach, focusing on planning and monitoring, can serve as a framework for developing and implementing learning tools tailored for biodiversity-based agriculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Land Sparing Versus Land Sharing: Moving Forward
Jörn Fischer,David J. Abson,Van Butsic,Van Butsic,M. Jahi Chappell,M. Jahi Chappell,Johan Ekroos,Jan Hanspach,Tobias Kuemmerle,Henrik G. Smith,Henrik von Wehrden +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework has been proposed that distinguishes between the integration (land sharing) and separation (land sparing) of conservation and production to address the challenges of biodiversity conservation and commodity production.
References
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt
TL;DR: Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop–based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and the United States creates a “biofuel carbon debt” by releasing 17 to 420 times more CO2 than the annual greenhouse gas reductions that these biofuel reductions would provide by displacing fossil fuels.
The state of food insecurity in the world 2011: how does international price volatility affect domestic economies and food security?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the differential impacts that the world food crisis of 2006-2008 had on different countries, with the poorest being most affected, and present policy options to reduce volatility in a cost-effective manner and to manage it when it cannot be avoided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change
David Tilman,Joseph Fargione,Brian G. Wolff,Carla M. D'Antonio,Andrew P. Dobson,Robert W. Howarth,David W. Schindler,William H. Schlesinger,Daniel Simberloff,Deborah L. Swackhamer +9 more
TL;DR: Should past dependences of the global environmental impacts of agriculture on human population and consumption continue, 109 hectares of natural ecosystems would be converted to agriculture by 2050, accompanied by 2.4- to 2.7-fold increases in nitrogen- and phosphorus-driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater, and near-shore marine ecosystems.
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