Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
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TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Entanglement and Localization of a Two-Mode Bose-Einstein Condensate
TL;DR: In this article, a simple second quantization model is used to describe a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which can be written in terms of the generators of a SU(2) algebra with three parameters.
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Uncertainty product of an out-of-equilibrium many-particle system
Abstract: The variance of a many-particle operator is a very sensitive probe of many-body correlations. In contrast to the expectation value of such operators which depends on the condensation fraction of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), their variance depends on the absolute number of depleted particles. Consequentially, the many-body correlations incorporated within the variance can be observed even in the limit of an infinite number of particles (keeping the interaction parameter, i.e., the product of the number of particles times the scattering length, constant) when the system becomes 100% condensed. In the present work we show both analytically and numerically the effect of many-body correlations on the variance and uncertainty product for an out-of-equilibrium BEC. Our work demonstrates the need to go beyond a mean-field description of the condensate in order to correctly describe these quantities even when only a single particle is depleted and the system is by definition 100% condensed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Holography, quantum geometry, and quantum information theory
TL;DR: In this paper, the Holographic Conjecture is interpreted in terms of quantum bits (qubits) and a discrete micro-causality emerges, where the time parameter is being defined by the discrete increase of entropy.
Interacting bosons and fermions in three-dimensional optical lattice potentials : from atom optics to quantum simulation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a blue-detuned optical lattice with Feshbach resonances and a dipole trap to study the dynamics of a few-body system consisting of a single fermion and coherent bosonic field on individual lattice sites.
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The potential energy surface for spin-aligned Li3(1 4A′) and the potential energy curve for spin-aligned Li2(a 3Σu+)
TL;DR: In this paper, a global potential energy surface (PES) for the 1'4A' spin-aligned state of Li3 is presented, which is constructed as a many body expansion of the potential which is the sum of pairwise additive two-body potentials plus a three-body term.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
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Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.