Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Mixtures of ultracold gases: Fermi sea and Bose-Einstein condensate of lithium isotopes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied quantum degenerate atomic gases of fermionic and bosonic atoms, and showed the formation of a bright soliton without spreading over a macroscopic distance of 1.1 mm.
Bose-Einstein condensation of atoms with attractive interaction
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated stationary solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with negative scattering length and a higher-order stabilising term in presence of an external parabolic potential.
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Observation of Non-Classical Rotational Inertia in Solid 4He Confined in Porous Gold
Eunseong Kim,Moses H. W. Chan +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the pore-size dependence of the supersolid behavior was investigated by confining solid 4He in a different porous host, porous gold, of a considerably larger pore diameter.
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Single-atom density of states of an optical lattice
Chris Hooley,Jorge Quintanilla +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a single atom in an optical lattice, subject to a harmonic trapping potential, is treated in the tight-binding approximation, with an extra parameter $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ denoting the strength of the harmonic trap.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cooling a Bose Gas by Three-Body Losses.
Max Schemmer,Isabelle Bouchoule +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a harmonically confined one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas in the quasicondensate regime and, as the atom number decreases under the effect of three-body losses, the temperature drops up to a factor of 4.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.