Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Nonuniversal critical quantities from variational perturbation theory and their application to the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature shift
TL;DR: In this paper, a variational perturbation theory through seven loops is employed to compute the renormalized value of the condensation temperature of a dilute Bose gas, both in the homogenous case and for the wide limit of a harmonic trap.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bright focused ion beam sources based on laser-cooled atoms.
Jabez J. McClelland,Adam V. Steele,B. Knuffman,Kevin A. Twedt,Kevin A. Twedt,Andrew Schwarzkopf,Truman Wilson +6 more
TL;DR: A number of promising new approaches have been proposed and/or demonstrated in the context of ion beam technology in which these new ion sources can play a role, their principles of operation, and some examples of recent demonstrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Partial-Transfer Absorption Imaging: A versatile technique for optimal imaging of ultracold gases
Anand Ramanathan,Sérgio Ricardo Muniz,Kevin Wright,R. P. Anderson,William D. Phillips,Kristian Helmerson,Gretchen K. Campbell +6 more
TL;DR: Partial-transfer absorption imaging is a tool that enables optimal imaging of atomic clouds for a wide range of optical depths and can be minimally destructive and used to obtain multiple successive images of the same sample.
Bose-Einstein condensation with high atom number in a deep magnetic trap
TL;DR: In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website as mentioned in this paper, in case of legitimate complaints the material will be removed.
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Coherent matter wave inertial sensors for precision measurements in space
TL;DR: In this article, the advantages of using ultra-cold coherent sources of atoms for matter-wave interferometry in space were analyzed and the role of coherent-matter-wave sensors in future fundamental physics missions in space was discussed.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.