Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics and Stability of Bose-Einstein Condensates: The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Periodic Potential
Deconinck,Frigyik,Kutz +2 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a lattice potential is used to model a periodic dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensate, for atomic species with either repulsive or attractive interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Density of states for Bose-Einstein condensation in harmonic oscillator potentials
Klaus Kirsten,David J. Toms +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the density of states for a system of particles in an anisotropic harmonic oscillator potential has been approximated using analytic calculations, and a direct application of the result to study Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic gases in a potential trap can be given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Existence of solitary waves in dipolar quantum gases
Paolo Antonelli,Christof Sparber +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence of standing waves in Bose-Einstein condensates was proved under the assumption of sufficiently strong dipolar interactions, and hence solitons, together with some of their properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Mass and Magnetization Conservative and Energy-Diminishing Numerical Method for Computing Ground State of Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensates
Weizhu Bao,Hanquan Wang +1 more
TL;DR: A mass (or normalization) and magnetization conservative and energy-diminishing numerical method is presented for computing the ground state of spin-1 (or $F=1$ spinor) Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) to demonstrate the efficiency of the numerical method.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantum state of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate
TL;DR: In this article, the quantum state of a single symmetry-broken condensate at zero temperature is calculated using perturbative techniques, and the state is found to closely approximate a number squeezed state.
References
More filters
Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.