Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
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A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Colloquium: Quantum interference of clusters and molecules
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A Bose-Einstein condensate of metastable atoms.
Albert Robert,O. Sirjean,Antoine Browaeys,J. Poupard,S. Nowak,Denis Boiron,Christoph I Westbrook,Alain Aspect +7 more
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Phase-locking of magnetic vortices mediated by antivortices.
Antonio Ruotolo,Vincent Cros,Benoit Georges,A. Dussaux,Julie Grollier,Cyrile Deranlot,R. Guillemet,Karim Bouzehouane,Stéphane Fusil,Albert Fert +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that vortices can interact with each other through the mediation of antivortices, leading to synchronization when they are closely spaced, making the system attractive for electronic device integration.
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Partial order in the non-Fermi-liquid phase of MnSi
Christian Pfleiderer,Dmitry Reznik,Lothar Pintschovius,Hilbert von Löhneysen,Markus Garst,Achim Rosch +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, it has been suggested that non-Fermi-liquid phases of metals may exist in some heavy-fermion compounds and oxide materials, but the discovery of a characteristic microscopic signature of such phases presents a major challenge.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
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Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
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Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.