Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
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TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Predicted signatures of rotating Bose–Einstein condensates
TL;DR: In this article, the low-energy states of a rotating, weakly interacting Bose gas were analyzed and a succession of transitions between stable vortex patterns of differing symmetries were found in general qualitative agreement with observations of rotating superfluid helium.
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Bose–Einstein Condensation of Collective Electron Pairs
Carlos Ramírez,Chumin Wang +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of collective electron pairs (CEP) through a unitary transformation of electron pairs, which achieves bosonic commutation relations at the dilute limit, being able to accumulate many of them at a single quantum state.
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Neutral atom quantum register
D. Schrader,Igor Dotsenko,M. Khudaverdyan,Y. Miroshnychenko,Arno Rauschenbeutel,Dieter Meschede +5 more
TL;DR: The realization of a quantum register is demonstrated using a string of single neutral atoms which are trapped in an optical dipole trap and the predominant dephasing mechanism is identified.
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Universal Quantum Viscosity in a Unitary Fermi Gas
TL;DR: In this article, a Fermi gas of atoms with resonant interactions is predicted to obey universal hydrodynamics, in which the shear viscosity and other transport coefficients are universal functions of the density and temperature.
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Probing pair-correlated fermionic atoms through correlations in atom shot noise
Markus Greiner,Markus Greiner,Cindy Regal,Cindy Regal,J. T. Stewart,J. T. Stewart,Deborah Jin,Deborah Jin +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that correlations between atoms in different spin states can be detected using the atom shot noise in absorption images and using time-of-flight imaging, atom pair correlations in momentum space are observed.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
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Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
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Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
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Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.