Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
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TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
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Computing the Ground State Solution of Bose--Einstein Condensates by a Normalized Gradient Flow
Weizhu Bao,Qiang Du +1 more
TL;DR: A continuous normalized gradient flow (CNGF) is presented and its energy diminishing property is proved, which provides a mathematical justification of the imaginary time method used in the physics literature to compute the ground state solution of Bose--Einstein condensates (BEC).
Journal ArticleDOI
Superradiant rayleigh scattering from a bose-einstein condensate
Shin Inouye,A. P. Chikkatur,Dan Stamper-Kurn,J. Stenger,David E. Pritchard,Wolfgang Ketterle +5 more
TL;DR: Rayleigh scattering off a Bose-Einstein condensate was studied and resulted in the observation of highly directional scattering of light and atoms by a single off-resonant laser beam.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct observation of Tomonaga–Luttinger-liquid state in carbon nanotubes at low temperatures
Hiroyoshi Ishii,Hiromichi Kataura,Hidetsugu Shiozawa,Hideo Yoshioka,Hideo Otsubo,Yasuhiro Takayama,Tsuneaki Miyahara,Shinzo Suzuki,Yohji Achiba,Massashi Nakatake,Takamasa Narimura,Mitsuharu Higashiguchi,Kenya Shimada,Hirofumi Namatame,Masaki Taniguchi,Masaki Taniguchi +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, angle-integrated photoemission measurements of carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are reported, revealing an oscillation in the pi-electron density of states owing to one-dimensional van Hove singularities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ultracold molecules under control
TL;DR: 1. Unconventional Conditions at Ultracold Temperatures 4949 1.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
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Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
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Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
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Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
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Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.