Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
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Bose-Einstein condensation dynamics in three dimensions by the pseudospectral and finite-difference methods
TL;DR: In this article, a pseudospectral method for solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation was proposed, and it was used to study the resonance dynamics of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate induced by a periodic variation in the atomic scattering length.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bose–Einstein condensation in a plasmonic lattice
Tommi K. Hakala,Antti Moilanen,Aaro I. Väkeväinen,Rui Guo,Jani-Petri Martikainen,Konstantinos S. Daskalakis,Heikki Rekola,Aleksi Julku,Päivi Törmä +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, a Bose-Einstein condensate of surface plasmon polaritons in lattice modes of a metal nanoparticle array is demonstrated, where the interaction of the nanoscale confined surface plasmons with a room-temperature bath of dye molecules enables thermalization and condensation in picoseconds.
Journal Article
Atom-molecule coherence in Bose gases
Rembert A. Duine,H. T. C. Stoof +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the many-body theory that describes coherence between atoms and molecules in terms of an effective quantum field theory for Feshbach-resonant interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic gases in a general harmonic-oscillator confining potential trap
Klaus Kirsten,David J. Toms +1 more
TL;DR: An analysis of Bose-Einstein condensation for a system of non- interacting spin-0 particles in a harmonic oscillator confining potential trap and discusses why a confined system of particles differs both qualitatively andatively from an identical system which is not confined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring quantum matter with ultracold atoms in optical lattices
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of a series of experiments with ultracold quantum gases in optical lattices is presented, showing that the granularity of the matter wave field, caused by the discreteness of atoms, gives rise to effects going beyond the simple single matter wave description.
References
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Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
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Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.