Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor
TLDR
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled and exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.Abstract:
A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 10 12 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more than 15 seconds. Three primary signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation were seen. (i) On top of a broad thermal velocity distribution, a narrow peak appeared that was centered at zero velocity. (ii) The fraction of the atoms that were in this low-velocity peak increased abruptly as the sample temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of higher moments on particle behaviour in dielectrophoretic field cages
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the trapping efficiency of field cages for Brownian particles, both analytically and by numerical integration of Langevin's equation, and show that single particles with effective diameters down to 35nm should reliably trapped in micron field cages.
Journal ArticleDOI
A more accurate analysis of Bose-Einstein condensation in harmonic traps
TL;DR: In this paper, the Euler-Maclaurin summation was used to calculate the internal energy of non-interacting bosons in a harmonic oscillator potential with respect to specific heat and the number of excited particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for bosons with internal degrees of freedom:Theory and composite fragmentation of multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates
TL;DR: In this paper, the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons (MCTDHB) method is derived for the case of $N$ identical bosons with internal degrees of freedom.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of shock waves in a Bose-Einstein condensate
TL;DR: In this article, the shape of initially broad, laser-induced, density perturbation changes in the course of free time evolution so that a shock wave front finally forms, and the results are well beyond predictions of commonly used zero-amplitude approach, so they can be useful in extraction of a speed of sound from experimental data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large vacuum Rabi splitting in a multiple quantum well GaN-based microcavity in the strong-coupling regime
Gabriel Christmann,Raphaël Butté,Eric Feltin,Anas Mouti,Pierre Stadelmann,A. Castiglia,Jean-François Carlin,Nicolas Grandjean +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, an AlInN/AlGaN microcavity (MC) containing a GaN/al0.2Ga0.8N multiple quantum well (MQW) structure is investigated through room temperature (RT) photoluminescence and reflectivity experiments.
References
More filters
Proceedings Article
Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms
TL;DR: The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ~2µK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure
TL;DR: The confinement and cooling of an optically dense cloud of neutral sodium atoms by radiation pressure was reported, provided by three retroreflected laser beams propagating along orthogonal axes, with a weak magnetic field used to distinguish between the beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the Phasenraum eines Lichtquants in bezug auf ein gegebenes Volumen wird in „Zellen“ von der Grose h3 aufgeteilt, i.e., the Zahl der moglichen Verteilungen der Lichtquanten einer makroskopisch definierten Strahlung unter diese Zellen liefert die Entropie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of atoms laser cooled below the Doppler limit
Paul D. Lett,Richard N. Watts,Christoph I Westbrook,William D. Phillips,Phillip L. Gould,Harold Metcalf +5 more
TL;DR: This "Doppler cooling limit" results from the minimization of the detuning-dependent temperature at low laser power1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Output Coupler for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, an output coupler for Bose condensed atoms in a magnetic trap was demonstrated, where short pulses of rf radiation were used to create Bose condensates in a superposition of trapped and untrapped hyperfine states.